<p>The Ayers Bank Building is a historic bank building located at 200 West State Street in Jacksonville, Illinois. This site is believed to have been continuously associated with banking since 1832, longer than any other site in Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History of Ayers Bank Building</h2><br>
<p>Banking operations at the building site began with David Ayers who operated a merchant bank out of his drug store in the 1830s, and the Ayers family continued banking at this site throughout the 19th century. In 1910, when Millard Fillmore Dunlap and Andrew Russel bought a controlling interest in the business, Ayers Bank was one of the state&#39;s leading financial institutions. Dunlap and Russel hired architect Jarvis Hunt of Chicago to build the Ayers Bank Building on the same site where David Ayers had begun his banking business.</p><br>
<p>The bank continued to prosper until the 1930s, when Dunlap and Russel were convicted of illegal banking practices and went to prison. Depositors received 33 cents on the dollar and the federal government closed the bank in November 1932.</p><br>
<p>The Farmers State Bank & Trust Company bought the building for $53,000 at a foreclosure sale in 1939. The upper floors were rented to a series of dentists, physicians, and other professionals until 1985, when Farmers renovated the entire building for its exclusive use. As of 2017, the bank still has its headquarters at this site.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Building architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Ayers Bank Building is the tallest building in downtown Jacksonville; it is tall and has eight stories. The building was the first steel-frame and reinforced concrete structure in Jacksonville. The building is in the Renaissance Revival style with a brick and cut stone exterior and a terra cotta egg-and-dart cornice.</p><br>
<p>Latschur, at 2,236 m, is the highest mountain of the Latschur Group in the Gailtal Alps range, in the Austrian state of Carinthia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Latschur group stretches south and east of the Drava valley, from Weissensee lake to the river bend at Sachsenburg and the Goldeck peak near Spittal an der Drau. It is the geological continuation of the Kreuzeck group in the Hohe Tauern range north of the Drava, made up of crystalline primary rocks unlike the neighbouring ranges of the Southern Limestone Alps.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Latschur itself is a very prominent peak and a large, rounded grass mountain fairly easy to climb, although it can get crowded in the summer due to its popularity with hikers. The densely forested environment is home to endangered animal species like the griffon vulture and even brown bears have been sighted. Ski touring is a popular pastime during the winter.</p><br>
<p>The Thorn-Stingley House is a historic house at 1660 East End Road in Homer, Alaska. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, roughly rectangular in shape, with a side-gable roof and a full basement that includes a one-car garage. The house is in a local interpretation of the Bungalow style, with a pair of gable-roof dormers projecting from the front roof, and a projecting gable-roofed hood above the main entrance. The front facade is divided into three asymmetrical bays, with a grouping of three sash windows in the left bay , the entry in the center, and a single sash window to the right. The house, built in 1945, is one of the citys only little-altered representatives of housing built in Homers boom years following World War II.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Shores Warehouse is a historic commercial building on Main Street in Cave Springs, Arkansas. It is a two story masonry building, built in 1911 out of concrete blocks, which have on two sides of the building been faced to resemble rusticated stone. Originally built as a commercial retail building, it has a single-story metal awning sheltering the ground floor, which is divided into six bays by concrete block stanchions. The outer two bays were originally plate glass like the others, but have been filled in. The front is topped by a pressed metal dentillated cornice. The building is little-altered commercial building of the period, and exemplifies the popular use of concrete blocks for construction in the region during the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Lack is a Grade II* Listed Building, formerly in the historic parish of Churchstoke but now in the parish of Chirbury with Brompton in Shropshire. It is likely to have been built in the latter part of the 16th. century.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Description</h2><br>
<p>A farmhouse dating from the later part of the 16th century with later additions and alterations. Timber framed with plaster and painted brick infill and a slate roof. It has a lobby-entrance of "Severn Valley" type with the doorway leading into a lobby set against the centrally placed chimney stack. The house consists of four framed bays, with one to the left of the entrance. It is two storied house of transitional or ‘‘sub-medieval’’ form with a jettied first floor with a richly moulded bressumer supported on decorated carved brackets.</p><br>
<p>The timber-framing of the house is close-studded with vertical posts to the ground. The upper floor has herringbone/lozenge decoration to front; jetty also on second floor to right gable end; small square panels to rear on first</p><br>
<p>floor with ground floor under-built in brick. Left bay in C19 brick now</p><br>
<p>painted black and white in imitation of timber frame.</p><br>
<p>The windows are late 19th century casements; first-floor window of right gable end has a moulded woodencill of an earlier window. Brick addition has segmental-headed casement. The interior has been</p><br>
<p>considerably altered in the early 20th century with new staircase and fireplaces but retains chamfered cross-beam ceiling with ogee stops to right ground-floor room.</p><br>
<h2>Comparisons</h2><br>
<p>An immediate comparison to the ‘’The Lack’’ is Glas Hirfryn in Llansilin on the Denbighshire/Montgomeryshire border. This has identical paterned herringbone timbers on the upper storey and similar close studding to the ground floor. It is similarly jettied with decorative brackets supporting the bressumer. Glas Hirfryn has been dated by dendrochronology to 1559 or shortly afterwards. The use of similar decorative brackets to support a bressumer can also be seen on the much larger Trewern Hall in Montgomeryshire.</p><br>
<p>The Seaholm Power Plant is a historic former power station located on the north shore of Lady Bird Lake in Downtown Austin, Texas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. The facility and site were redeveloped into a mixed-use district after the power plant closed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Operating power plant</h3><br>
<p>The Seaholm Power Plant was commissioned in 1948 to meet Austin&#39;s growing demand for electric power. The engineering firm Burns & McDonnell designed the complex, which was constructed in two phases in 1951 and 1955. The facility originally included a Turbine Generator Building, a Water Intake Structure and an Oil Heating Building. A guard booth and a storage building were added to the site later. Originally called "Power Plant No. 2," on 2 June 1960 the plant was renamed posthumously for Walter E. Seaholm, a prominent figure in the administration of Austin’s municipal utilities.</p><br>
<p>Seaholm served as Austin’s sole source of electric power from 1950 to 1959, until demand outpaced the 120 megawatts the plant could generate with all five boilers running. As other stations were built the city&#39;s reliance on Seaholm waned, and in 1989 the plant stopped providing power to the city, though it was used as a training facility until 1996, when it closed entirely.</p><br>
<h3>Redevelopment</h3><br>
<p>The site lay dormant until 2004, when the Austin city council requested proposals for redevelopment partners. Several firms and consultancies formed an organization called "Seaholm Power, LLC" which was designated in April 2005 to lead redevelopment of the defunct power plant and the surrounding site. A master development agreement was reached with the city in April 2008 specifying the renovations and new construction that would be undertaken.</p><br>
<p>Work began on the plant&#39;s redevelopment in mid-2013. The interior of the turbine generator building was converted to a mixture of office, retail and restaurant space, with tenants occupying the facility beginning in 2015. A residential tower called Seaholm Residences was constructed at the west end of the site, also opening in 2015., the city has not selected a final plan for the redevelopment of the water intake facility.</p><br>
<h2>Power generation</h2><br>
<p>Seaholm was a semi-outdoor power plant, with its boilers outdoors but its generators inside the Turbine Generator Building. It ultimately housed five Westinghouse turbine generators; the plant was originally built with two 20-megawatt generators and later expanded with two more 20-megawatt units and then one larger 40-megawatt unit. Seaholm was built with underground ash pits to accommodate coal-firing, but in fact the plant never ran on coal; the Oil Heating Building and underground fuel tanks also allowed the plant to burn crude oil, yet over its operating lifetime it was fired primarily with natural gas.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Turbine Generator Building</h3><br>
<p>The largest building (which formerly housed the turbine generators) stands three stories high and faces southward, toward the lake. The exterior surface of the building is of structural cast-in-place reinforced concrete, punctuated by two south-facing doors and numerous large industrial windows. Metal Art Moderne-style lettering on glass-block panels above the two entryways reads "City of Austin," and additional letters atop the awnings over the entryways read "Light" (above the west door) and "Power" (above the east door). The west facade carries additional metal lettering reading "City of Austin Power Plant." The north facade of the building is dominated by the five external boilers and their tall smokestacks. The building&#39;s interior is divided into four levels centered on the vast two-story Turbine Room.</p><br>
<h3>Water Intake Structure</h3><br>
<p>The Water Intake Structure sits on the shore of Lady Bird Lake directly south of the Turbine Generator Building. The structure shares many design and architectural elements with the generator building, with exposed structural concrete walls and large industrial windows opening into a vast interior space. The south face of the building rises two stories above the lake, with ten sluice gates through which cooling water for the plant&#39;s steam condensers was taken in. This water was pumped to the generator building through massive underground pipes; after being used as coolant the water was discharged into nearby Shoal Creek.</p><br>
<p>The Letpadaung Copper Mine  is a large surface mine in the Salingyi Township of Sagaing Region of Myanmar. Since Myanmar began liberalizing in 2011 the mine has been the site of contentious protest and come to symbolize the shortcomings of political reform. Villagers displaced by the Chinese-operated mine contend that they have not received fair compensation while the company claims that it has been social responsible throughout the process.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Letpadaung is a large mine project operated by the Wanbao Mining Copper Ltd. company, in cooperation with the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd (UMEHL) Wanbao, a subsidiary of China North Industries Group Corp. or Norinco, a large arms manufacturer, bought the project from Ivanhoe, a Canadian mining company in 2011. Ivanhoe had won the initial project from the Myanmar government pursuant to a series of agreements and feasibility studies from 1994 to 1996. The joint venture agreement was signed on April 10, 1996. Ivanhoe divested its share of the project in 2011, citing the impact of the negative stigma of working with the military government on its other business throughout the world. The final agreement with Wanbao, reached after protests in 2012, gave it a 30% share of the eventual profits, 19% going to UMEHL, a massive military-owned company and 51% to Myanmar’s government. A later agreement gave 2% of profits to local development. The project is reported to have cost approximately $1 billion to develop.</p><br>
<h3>China</h3><br>
<p>Through its decades of economic isolation resulting from Western sanctions, Myanmar found China a critical ally and investment partner. However the large projects undertaken with China often served to exacerbate anti-China sentiment in the country, which has always had a contentious relationship with its northern neighbor. Though a substantial ethnic-Chinese population has long been a part of Myanmar’s demographic landscape, an influx of Chinese immigrants with business connections in Northern Myanmar over the past 20 years has caused tensions and anti-Chinese feelings to rise</p><br>
<p>Like many issues in Myanmar, anti-Chinese feelings have come to the surface and been manipulated since the democratic transition removed censorship and created a new political economy. In September 2011 the Thein Sein government abandoned the Myitsone Dam project in Kachin State. Ninety percent of the electricity produced by the $3.6 billion dam would have gone to China, which, combined with its environmental impact, led to broad protest in Myanmar.</p><br>
<p>More recently, the Director of Myanmar’s railway ministry, Myint Wai, announced in July 2014 the cancelation of a proposed $20 billion railway link between Myanmar’s oil-producing Rakhine State and China’s Yunnan Province citing “public demand.” Some, however, speculate that the Myanmar government simply decided that the long timescale of the project would not provide it ample revenue, and that the termination of western sanctions has given it other options.</p><br>
<p>And despite these few lags in the economic relationship between the two countries, A large number of projects are still under way. During a visit to Myanmar in November 2014 by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, China and Myanmar signed investment deals in energy, agriculture, telecommunications, infrastructure and finance worth $7.8 billion. Like Letpadaung, the controversial Kyaukpyu-Kunming oil pipeline has been built despite massive public protest. Many in Rakhine State resent their small share of revenues.</p><br>
<h2>Villager grievances</h2><br>
<p>Villagers protesting the Letpadaung copper mine have expressed dissatisfaction with the resettlement process, compensation schemes, environmental and health effects, and the destruction of an important religious site. The compensation plan offered to the displaced villagers has been at the center of the protests since the beginning of the project. The agreement between Wanbao and the Myanmar Government held the company to certain standards of compensation, social spending and employment for residents. Wanbao and the Myanmar government have made claims of fairly compensating villagers which villagers and rights groups like Amnesty International have rejected as inadequate.</p><br>
<p>Geng Yi, Wanbao’s local representative told The Economist magazine in May 2014 that the company was spending even more than required by that agreement. He claimed that the company spent $1.8m on “corporate social responsibility” work in 2013, which he said was more than the $1m that the contract requires each year. Additionally, 2% of profits are supposed to be allocated to local villages when the mine is operational.</p><br>
<p>In December 2014 Wanbao Spokesman Dong Yunfei said in an Interview with the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB) that the company intends to offer compensation to all 1,032 villagers affected by the mine. He said that about 70% of villagers have accepted the compensation offered by the company and that they have been working with and listening to affected villagers. For example, through “door-to-door consultations” the company learned that many of those who have not accepted the plan and are protesting want higher compensation. The company has tried to accommodate, he claimed. In July they began a “Livelihood Contribution Plan” to help people who were promised jobs at the mine but which can only be fulfilled once the mine is totally operational.</p><br>
<p>In statements Wanbao has conceded that about 100 villagers have refused to discuss compensation, despite several attempts. They have refused even to admit Wandbao employs, government officials and police officers into the “three old villages” in which they live. “We learnt that quite a few villagers are actually willing to talk to us, but a few trouble-makers won’t let them,” Dong said, and added that the company would only pursue the matter through peaceful dialogue.</p><br>
<p>Villagers, international rights groups and Myanmar activists have contested the fairness of the compensation scheme. Amnesty International, estimates that approximately 2,500 villagers have been affected by the project, more than twice the company figure of 1,032 affected, on what villagers say is 8,000 acres of land from 26 villages. The mine and the support industries that have followed it have radically increased the price of land in the area, making it harder for displaced villagers to settle nearby and devaluating their compensation. Amnesty International has said that the community consultation process was inadequate and that villagers who refused to be relocated were excluded from discussion. Wanbao allegedly excluded them from consultation on direction of the Myanmar Government. As recently as November 2014 Amnesty International urged the government to stop work at the project, citing a flawed acquisition process, the presence of environmental and social repercussions and the lack of official accountability regarding violence against protesters at the mine in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Villagers near the mine claim that the sulfuric acid plant on the mine’s property is rendering the surrounding farmland infertile and leading to an increase in the number of children born blind.</p><br>
<h2>November 2012 white phosphorus</h2><br>
<p>Accounts of the violence that erupted on the morning of November 29, 2012 vary widely between protesters and rights groups on one hand and the government on the other. Thousands of villagers, monks and activists had been participating in protests at the mine site for the previous three months. Protests had generally taken the form of a sit-in, though in recent weeks protesters had become more daring, possibly emboldened by the recent visit of American President Barack Obama. Recently protesters had begun blockading the sulfuric acid factory that has been the subject of intense condemnation. Protesters had also been blocking bulldozers and trucks. National League for Democracy Chairwoman Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, daughter of Burmese independence leader Aung San and the most popular opposition figure in the country, was to meet with protesters at the mine on the morning of the following day, November 30, to hear their grievances.</p><br>
<p>Police claim that they repeatedly warned the protesters to leave, saying that they had tolerated the “illegal” protest for a long time but that the addition of people from other areas and “outside groups” had forced their hand. Police Lieutenant Colonel Thura Thwin Ko Ko, 49, one of commanders on duty during the clean-up, claims that protesters were warned fifteen times to disperse. Protesters dispute this narrative, saying that they were taken totally by surprise by the police move. A truckload of police arrived at the site of the protests shortly before the dispersal. Protesters say they formed in ranks to withstand the police action but were put to a run as soon as it began.</p><br>
<p>Protesters claim that they were fired upon by a combination of water cannons, tear gas, and an unspecific incendiary device. The protesters scrambled as six explosions rang out, fired from what some called flare guns; "They fired black balls that exploded into fire sparks. They shot about six times. People ran away and they followed us," one protester told The Guardian. The incendiary devices exploded, sometimes in the laps of praying monks, throwing sparks and burning material onto the clothes and skin of other protesters. Many of those hospitalized had black spots and burns over much of their bodies, which indicate the use of white phosphorus in the incendiary devices.</p><br>
<p>Lawyers Network and Justice Trust. an unofficial investigation group, published a report after the event which included lab results from a canister found at the scene indicating the presence of phosphorus. The sticky substance thrown by the canisters stuck to tents and people and could not be extinguished by pulling off, rolling on the ground or dousing with water. Estimates of the number of people injured in the operation range from 68 to over 100, mostly monks. Many of the monks were hospitalized for several weeks in Mandalay, Monyua and Bangkok. Operations at the mine were suspended until a commission could determine what happened.</p><br>
<p>Two types of munitions were found at the mine after the clearing. One had CS written on it, an abbreviation for 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, the active ingredient in tear gas. The other, smaller munitions bore no marking. Lieutenant Colonel Thura Thwin Ko Ko later claimed that the police thought that the munitions they were firing were all tear gas.</p><br>
<h2>Letpadaung Taung Investigation Commission Report</h2><br>
<p>In the wake of the November clash a parliamentary investigation commission was established to investigate the clashes and larger problems at the mine. The commission, chaired by Aung San Suu Kyi and made up of ministers, members of parliament and company representative, missed several deadlines before releasing a report containing 42 recommendations concerning land utilization, environment, compensation and society, and religious concerns. It recognized that the mine had not met international environmental or social standards and did not compensate villagers sufficiently.</p><br>
<p>To the disappointment of many protesters, however, the commission did not recommend the closing of the mine. Though it acknowledged the minimal direct benefit that the mine gave to Myanmar, the commission recommended that the mine remain open, citing Myanmar’s fragile relationship with China and the impact that shuttering such a large project could have on Myanmar’s internal investment climate.</p><br>
<p>The commission provided for the creation of a Committee for the Implementation of the Letpadaung Report, tasked with implementing the recommendations outlined in the report. That committee has since come under intense criticism for a lack of transparency and sluggishness in implementing changes, not least from Aung San Suu Kyi, who claimed after the shooting in December 2014 that violence had erupted because of the Implementation Committee’s failure to implement the Investigation Committee’s recommendations.</p><br>
<p>In response to criticisms from Aung San Suu Kyi, Tin Myint, a member of the investigation committee and the secretary of the implementation committee, said on January 8, 2015 that criticisms were unfounded. In its annual report the committee claimed to have already implemented 29 of the Investigation Committee’s recommendations, and to be in the process of implementing the remaining 13.</p><br>
<h2>December 2014 shooting</h2><br>
<p>On December 22, 2014 approximately 200 villagers were protesting the erecting of a border fence on 1,000 acres of farmland seized by the mine. The land was owned by villagers who had refused to accept the compensation plan offered by the mine. Villagers allegedly protested by throwing rocks and firing slingshots at workers and the police officers brought with them, and by physically blocking the work. In an interview with the Democratic Voice of Burma, a villager from Sete claimed that “The police stood in a line, armed with riot shields, and warned the villagers they would be shot if they did not move…The protestors tried to block them from entering the plots and refused to give in.”</p><br>
<p>When police opened fire one woman, 56-year-old woman from Mogyopin village, was shot in the head and died shortly afterwards. Another man was shot in the leg. The ministry of information said in a statement that eleven police officers and nine protesters were injured in the clash, though some media sources have questioned that number. The following day renewed protests were met with more resistance from police, who fired rubber bullets into the crowd, injuring two or three protesters.</p><br>
<p>Wanbao’s public relations manager Cao Desheng expressed regret at the shooting and put blame on the police</p><br>
<p>We know nothing about the police’s handling before the accident happened…We made no request for the police to use any kind of violence…On behalf of everyone at Wanbao we extend our deepest sympathies and heartfelt condolences to her family and share in their grief at this difficult time…We understand the police were at the scene, and we hope they will start investigating this event.</p><br>
<p>The Myanmar Ministry of Information issued a report, run in state media outlets, which took a less conciliatory note than the statement made by Wanbao. The report said that tensions erupted when a group of about 30 protesting villagers prevented a bulldozer from clearing a path for an extension of the border fence by lying on the ground. Wanbao employees were:</p><br>
<p>targeted by slingshot fire by 15 villagers from the same group, whereby security forces retaliated by firing three warning shots from 12-bolt crowd control guns…Despite efforts to dilute tensions, around 100 villagers who had been disturbing the third work team near Ingyin Hill snatched signal flags off the, set those on fire, and surrounded the 10 workers…At 11:15am, security forces demanded the villagers release the 10 workers; in response the villagers demanded the construction vehicles and machinery used in the fence construction be removed from the site…Negotiations failed and tensions rose to the point of danger. The security forces again fired eight shots to disperse the crowd…The security forces then successfully recued the 10 workers. Eleven police officers and nine villagers were injured in the incident. Daw Khin Win of Mogyopyin died from injuries.</p><br>
<p>After the incident, Aung San Suu Kyi blamed the administration of President Thein Sein for the shooting and the violence at the mine in general. Referring to the report that the commission she chaired filed after violence at the mine in 2012, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said</p><br>
<p>We have provided ample recommendations. They have to implement their fair share. If they want to do it all, then hand over administrative power so that I can do everything…The committee did carry out some recommendations, but it has not fully implemented the recommendations. It has not followed the recommendations to the letter.</p><br>
<p>On December 29, a week after the shooting of Daw Khin Win, dozens of protesters tussled with police outside of the Chinese embassy in Yangon where they were attempting to lay a wreath to commemorate her death. Protesters also called for an end to violence at the mine. The following morning Nay Myo Zin, an activist and former Myanmar military servicemen, was arrested by waiting police as he began the trip to the Letpadaung site. Though they did not give specific charges, police allegedly told Nay Myo Zin that his arrest was due to his participation in the protests of the night before. Fellow activists Naw Ohn Hla, Daw Sein Htwe and Tin Ptut Paing were apparently arrested the same morning.</p><br>
<p>The Tuscumbia Historic District is a historic district in Tuscumbia, Alabama. The district contains 461 contributing properties and covers about 232 acres  of the towns original area. The first white settlers in Tuscumbia built a village next to Big Spring, at the site of what is today Spring Park. Many settlers, many from Virginia and Maryland, began to emigrate to The Shoals in the 1820s and 1830s. The oldest houses in the district are Tidewater-type cottages, a style native to the Middle Atlantic. Also built during the towns early period are some of the oldest commercial buildings in Alabama, including the Morgan-Donilan Building  and a seven-building block known as Commercial Row . The town&#39;s economy declined in the 1840s, when many farmers left seeking more fertile soil, through the Civil War and Reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>Recovery came in the 1880s and 1890s, driven by industrial development in neighboring Sheffield. The majority of commercial buildings date from the 1880s through the 1930s, while residential buildings of the period display styles such as Queen Anne, Folk Victorian, Bungalow, and Tudor Revival. Other notable buildings in the district include the Colbert County Courthouse, built in 1909; St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church, built in 1852 as one of the earliest Carpenter Gothic churches in Alabama; and Deshler Stadium, a Works Projects Administration project completed in 1941.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan  is an ancient university located in Bidar - the City of Whispering Monuments. This heritage structure is placed under the list of monuments of national importance. Founded by the prime-minister of the Bahamani empire in the late 15th century, it bears testimony to the scholarly genius of Mahmud Gawan, who first came to Delhi as a Persian trader  from Gilan in Iran and moved to Bidar in 1453.</p><br>
<p>Mahmud reportedly built the madrasa with his own money and it functioned like a residential University which was built and maintained on the lines of Madrasa of Khurasan. The imposing and spacious building of the institution is considered as an architectural gem and an important landmark of Bidar.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Situated on the Deccan Plateau 2330 feet above the sea level, Bidar has long been a place of Cultural and Historical Importance. The monument is located between the Chowbara (Clock Tower) and the fort from where it is a few hundred meters away. Remains of the monument stand strong amongst the chaos of urban settlement around it. Its principal east facade, now partly ruined, faces the city&#39;s main street leading to the citadel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Madrasa (religious seminary) has been a striking building though long in a ruinous condition. It occupied an area of 205 feet by 180, and was entered by a large gateway on the east in front of which it had two lofty towers about a hundred feet high. The rooms surround an open area 100 feet square, in the middle of each of three sides of which was a large apartment or hall 26 feet wide by about 52 in length, rising to the full height of building, which is of three stories. Each of these hall has a dome on the outer end over the oriel that projects beyond the line of the walls. The walls of the Madrasa measure exactly 242 feet from east to west and 220 feet from north to south.</p><br>
<p>The foundations and the lower courses, at least, of the building are all jointed with thin sheets of lead. The tower (minar) has been faced with enameled tiles of different colours in zig zag lines round the lower half of it. Portions of the walls, especially in the front have also been covered with the same materials, and a broad frieze along the top of the front wall has been inscribed with sentences from Q&#39;uran in coloured letters on a ground of green and gold. Of this a part is still to be seen on the right side of the front.</p><br>
<p>The building has a high basement but to make the approach convenient, two terraces have been built in front of it. The main entrance has vanished, but its floor has been exposed during excavations. Beyond the entrance there was a portico, square in plant at the base, measuring 15 ft. 4 inches each way. The minaret at the northern and of the façade and the wall adjoining it towards the south are comparatively the best preserved portions of the Madrasa although their tile decoration and trellis work have survived only in fragments. The minaret has on octagonal base with round shape at the point. The lower has three storey, the first and second having balconies which project from the main body of the tower in a curvilinear form but have no brackets to support them.</p><br>
<p>Due to the shiny nature of coloured tiles on the minar, local people call the monument as ″Kaanchina Khamba″ (Kannada; Kaanch=Glass, Khamba=Tower)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the reign of Muhammad Shah Bahamani II (1463-1482), Khwaja Mahmud Geelani (better known as Mahmud Gawan), an old noble who bore the title of Maliku&#39;t-Tujar built the Madrasa of which the remains still exist. In the time of Firishta, nearly a century and a half later, it was still in perfect preservation and with the great mosque and other buildings by the same founder, in what was called Gawan-ki Chowk (present day Gawan Chowk) were then still applied to the purpose for which they were originally designed.</p><br>
<p>In 1635, during the wars of Aurangzeb, Bidar was ravaged by Khan Dauran. In the end of 1656, it was invested by Aurangzeb himself. The historians of this time describes ″he entered the city and proceeding to a mosque which had been built 200 years before, in the reign of Bahamani Sultans, he caused the Kutba to be read in the name of his father Emperor Shah Jahan.</p><br>
<p>After this capture, the madrasa was principally appropriated as barrack for a body of cavalry, while a room (or rooms) near the left Minar were used to store gunpowder which exploded in an accident. It blew up fully of one-fourth of the edifice, destroying the tower and entrance.</p><br>
<p>It is also recorded in history that the structure suffered significant damage following a lightning struck in 1696.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The madrasa however, built to reaffirm Shiaism as the state religion, is clearly modeled on contemporary central Asian buildings. The entire campus gives the grand impression which Islamic architecture awakes in many minds. Intelligent planning and construction have gone into building the madrasa. The surface treatment is composed of color produced by glazed tiles of different hues. Traces of exquisite colorful tiles are still visible on the walls of the building. The floral decor, arabesque design and decorative inscriptions with arches dominating everywhere make it a fine specimen of Islamic architecture. This was all possible because Mahmud Gawan was familiar with renowned colleges at Samarkhand and Khorasan. The building contains lecture halls, a laboratory, a mosque, students’ hostel, dining room, quarters for teaching faculty. This religious seminary which also taught science and maths was run by a carefully chosen faculty which comprised Islamic scholars, scientists, philosophers and Arabic experts. It is recorded that free boarding, lodging and education to over 500 students from the world over was provided at any given time. The founder had established a library of 3000 volumes in this university before his death; what became of it is not known.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) took up the programme to preserve and protect ancient monuments in Bidar district in 2005. It included marking boundaries around these structures, building aesthetically designed compound walls, providing lighting and laying gardens around some monuments.</p><br>
<p>Bidar has found its place in the World Monument Watch List,2014 which gives some hope for improvements in this City of Whispering Monuments.</p><br>
<h3>Concerns</h3><br>
<p>Today goats graze among the majestic ruins and the windows with exquisite jail-work look out like haunted eyes.</p><br>
<p>According to an estimate, there are nearly 100 historic monuments in and around Bidar. Mahmud Gawan Madarasa is among the monuments in Bidar that require round-the-clock watch. The Archaelogy office is understaffed. Plans of developing park around the madarsa has not yet realised. The open space behind the monument is used as cricket ground by locals, with the ball(s) often hitting the monument.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>On 8 March 2015, A huge old tree in front of the monument was uprooted due to hours of wind, heavy rain and thunderstorms. The tree was believed to be more than a century old.</p><br>
<p>Fairbanks City Hall, also known as Main School and Old Main for its previous use as a school building, is located at 800 Cushman Street in downtown Fairbanks, Alaska. An Art Deco concrete building, it was built in 1934 to replace the original Fairbanks school, a wooden building constructed in 1907 which burned down in late 1932. As Fairbanks grew exponentially with the military buildup associated with World War II and the Cold War, the building was enlarged in 1939 and again in 1948.</p><br>
<p>It was the city&#39;s only school from its opening in 1934 until the opening of Denali Elementary School in 1951. It became a junior/senior high school for several years until Lathrop High School began operation. The school then became Main Junior High School until it was replaced by Ryan Junior High School and Tanana Junior High School during the early 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Following the disestablishment of Main Junior High, instruction in the building was mostly limited to alternative education programs. The buildings primary purpose at that point was to house the administrative offices of the Fairbanks North Star Borough School District, a role it filled from 1976 until 1993. Most of those offices moved to the school districts current Fifth Avenue headquarters in the mid 1980s, and the building sat largely vacant for many years, eventually being completely abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The building has housed city offices since 1994, which moved from the longtime Fairbanks City Hall three blocks to the north. In addition to city offices, the former school gymnasium is home to the Fairbanks Boys & Girls Club. Previous non-governmental tenants of the building under city ownership have included the Fairbanks Boxing Club and the Greater Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as Main School.</p><br>
<p>The William M. Shaw House is a historic house at 40 Norris Street in Greenville, Maine, which now houses the Greenville Inn. Built in 1895, it is a handsome and elaborate example of Queen Anne architecture in a rural small-town setting. The house was designed by Edwin E. Lewis of Gardiner, with alterations by Wilfred E. Mansur of Bangor. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013 for its architecture, and for its association with William Shaw, a leading lumber businessman active in Greenville in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, whose business interests also included ownership of the steamer Katahdin.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Shaw House is set on a hill a short way south of Greenville&#39;s central business district, which is at the southern tip of Moosehead Lake. The 4.5 acre property includes, in addition to the main house, a period carriage house and six guest cottages built when the property was converted to an inn. The house is a large, basically rectangular, block, facing Norris Street to the south and connected to the carriage house to the east. It has a hip roof that is studded on the south with two projecting gable sections and on each on the west and north side. A hip-roof dormer projects from the roof between the gable sections on the south. The projecting gable sections top polygonal bays, and have closed pediments with paired sash windows at the center, surrounded by a field of decorative cut wood shingles. There is a single-story porch on the west end, supported by round columns, with a balustraded second level. A single-story open porch also runs along most of the south facade, up to a porte-cochere-style main entrance near the back of the original main block, where it meets the ell connecting the house to the carriage house.</p><br>
<p>William M. Shaw (1861-1936) was a leading lumber businessman in Greenville. He operated a saw mill, lumber yard, and retail store in the center of town, and his M. G. Shaw Company owner large tracts of timberland. The Shaw Company also operated the steamer Katahdin, which not only hauled lumber across the lake, but also ferried passengers to the Mount Kineo Resort area. Shaw hired Gardiner-based architect Edwin. E. Lewis to design his home, which was built starting in about 1890, and is one of the most opulent houses in Piscataquis County. The house underwent major expansion around 1905, designed by Bangor architect Wilfred E. Mansur, who Shaw had also hired to build his office building in the town as well as the commercial Shaw Block. Mansurs alterations included a substantial enlargement of the carriage house and construction of the ell joining the main house. The house was converted for use as an inn in the mid-20th century, at which time two of the propertys cabins were built. The other cabins are all late-20th century additions.</p><br>
<p>Nannau is a historic summer estate house in Bar Harbor, Maine. Located between Maine State Route 3 and overlooking Compass Harbor, this 1904 Shingle style house was built for David R. Ogden, a New York City lawyer, to designs by the Boston firm Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul. The house was characterized in 1906 as "an excellent example of shingle work&quot it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Nannau is set on the south side of a private drive, south of the main village of Bar Harbor, and located between Maine State Route 3 and Compass Harbor, an inlet off Frenchman Bay. It has a two story rectangular main block, oriented northwest to southeast, with projecting ells at both ends. It has a steeply-pitched hip roof, with projecting 2-1/2 story gable sections on the main land-side facade, flanking a smaller single-story entry portico with its own steeply-pitched hip roof with a flared edge. The walls are finished in wood shingles.</p><br>
<p>Nannau was designed by the Boston architectural firm of Andrews, Jaques, and Rantoul, who were responsible for the design of a number of Bar Harbors finest summer estates. It was built in 1904 for David R. Ogden, a New York lawyer who helped found Saint Saviours Church in Bar Harbor, and who gained a national reputation for his philanthropic work with the American Red Cross during the First World War. The house was featured in a 1906 edition of The Country House, in which it was described as "an excellent example of shingle work". The house in recent years was used as a bed and breakfast that is now closed.</p><br>
<p>The Mo-Ark Baptist Academy is a historic religious school building in Blue Eye, Arkansas. It is located just south of the western end of Park Street, not far from the state line with Blue Eye, Missouri. It is a large T-shaped two-story brick building with a hip roof, built in 1918 to house what was initially called the Carroll County Institute. At first funded by the Arkansas Baptist Convention and the Southern Baptist Convention, it eventually also received funding from Missouri Baptists, and was renamed . The school was later expanded to include both boys and girls dormitories; the latter still stands nearby. The school closed its doors in 1931; the building was used by the Green Forest School District as an elementary school into the 1950s, and has since seen intermittent use as a community center.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Mulladay Hollow Bridge is a stone arch bridge in rural Carroll County, Arkansas. It carries County Road 204 across Mulladay Hollow Creek, near the southwestern tip of Lake Leatherwood. It has two spans, and is built out of roughly square and semi-coursed fieldstone. The arches are elliptical in shape, 9 ft in height and 9.5 ft wide, with nearly-square voussoirs forming the arches. The barrels of the arches are skewed with respect to the spandrels, and the wing walls are slightly curved. The roadway carried by the bridge is 30 ft wide, and the total length of the structure is 120 ft. The bridge was built with Works Progress Administration funding as part of the development of Lake Leatherwood as a recreation area.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Davis Hollow is a tributary of Fishing Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.4 mi long and flows through Benton Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 0.80 square miles. The surficial geology in its vicinity mainly consists of alluvium, alluvial terrace, Wisconsinan Till, Wisconsinan Lag, Illinoian Flow-Till, and Illinoian Lag.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Davis Hollow begins in a valley in Benton Township. It flows southwest for a short distance before turning west for several tenths of a mile, crossing Pied Piper Road. The stream then turns southwest for a few tenths of a mile, leaving the valley and entering a plain. It then turns southwest and crosses Pennsylvania Route 487 after several tenths of a mile. At this point, it turns south-southwest and reaches its confluence with Fishing Creek a short distance further downstream.</p><br>
<p>Davis Hollow joins Fishing Creek 20.78 mi upstream of its mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The elevation near the mouth of Davis Hollow is 735 ft above sea level. The elevation of the stream&#39;s source is between 860 and above sea level.</p><br>
<p>There are two patches of alluvium, which contains stratified silt, sand, and gravel, near the upper reaches of Davis Hollow. However, the surficial geology in the area mainly consists of bedrock made of sandstone and shale as well as a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till. Some Wisconsinan Lag is present at the top of the valley. The surficial geology near the lower reaches of the stream mainly consists of alluvium, bedrock, alluvial terrace, Illinoian Lag, and a small patch of Illinoian Flow-Till.</p><br>
<p>In the valley of Davis Hollow, the Wisconsinan glacial terminus descends 240 ft over the course of 1,000 ft (1,267 ft per mile).</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Davis Hollow has an area of 0.80 square miles. The mouth of the stream is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Benton. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Stillwater.</p><br>
<h2>History and etymology</h2><br>
<p>Davis Hollow was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1172989.</p><br>
<p>Davis Hollow is an unnamed stream that takes the name of the valley it flows through.</p><br>
<p>According to Walter Brasch&#39;s 1982 book Columbia County Place Names, some maps list the valley of Davis Hollow as being in Fishing Creek Township, while others list it as being near Rohrsburg.</p><br>
<p>The Sigiswanger Horn  is part of the Hörner group in the Allgäu Alps. It reaches a height of and rises between Bolsterlang and Ofterschwang. Like its neighbour, the Rangiswanger Horn, it belongs geologically to the flysch mountains of the Anterior Hörner group , with their numerous boggy meadows and species-rich forested ravines.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sigiswanger Horn is "a rarely visited summit, covered in forest". The summit of this "Horn" may be climbed in a few minutes from the Panorama Way on the so-called Allgäu Hörner Tour, which runs between the Ofterschwanger Horn and the Weiherkopf. Only a mossy cairn adorns the summit of the Sigiswanger Horn. When approaching from the north this peak is the second of four on the Hörner tour. The Hörner tour is a route that used both in summer as well as in winter (e.g. with snowshoes). In winter the route is neither waymarked nor signed, however.</p><br>
<p>North of the Sigiswanger Horn is the Fahnengehrenalpe, to the east the Schwingundalpe and the Kahlrückenalpe and, to the south, the Sigiswangerhornalpe.</p><br>
<p>The Sigiswanger Horn is named after the village of Sigiswang, which lies at the eastern foot of the mountain. Sigiswang is part of the municipality of Ofterschwang. According to Thaddäus Steiner the first half of the place name of Sigiswang goes back to the Old German personal name, Sigi. In early 19th century maps it was still written Siegeswanger Horn.</p><br>
<h2>Literature and maps</h2><br>
<h3>Walking guides</h3><br>
<p>Sigiswangerhorn, in: Dieter Seibert, Allgäuer Alpen alpin, Alpine Club Guide, Munich, 2004, 16th edn., p. 145,</p><br>
<h3>Maps</h3><br>
<p>Alpine Club map Bayerische Alpen, Allgäuer Voralpen West: Nagelfluhkette, Hörnergruppe, Wegmarkierung und Skirouten, BY 1, 1st edn., 2012, 1:25,000 map series, publ. by the German Alpine Club,</p><br>
<p>Bavarian State Office for Survey and Geoinformation, UK L 8, Allgäuer Alpen, area map, scale 1: 50,000, Bavarian State Survey Office, Munich,</p><br>
<p>The Bolsterlanger Horn is a grass mountain in the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria. Because its 1,586-metre-high summit rises above Bolsterlang, it is the local mountain  of this village. The Bolsterlanger Horn is part of the Hörner group and its southernmost peak. The topographic prominence of the Bolsterlanger Horn is at least 46 metres, its isolation is 600 metres, the Weiherkopf being the reference summit.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The normal route runs from the top station of the Hörnerbahn along a forest path and only takes about 10 minutes walk to the top.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>In 2009 the path to the summit from the Hörnerbahn was made into a "reflection" walk.</p><br>
<h3>Summit cross</h3><br>
<p>At the top is a summit cross with mirrors which light up in the sunshine.</p><br>
<p>The Taimura  is a river that runs to the west of Central Siberia in Evenkiysky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska.</p><br>
<p>The source of the river is the confluence of the North Taimura and South Taimura rivers. The length of the river is 454 km; its basin area is 32,500 km&sup2;. It flows in a wide valley across the Central Siberian Plateau. The river freezes in October and flows under the ice until May. Snow and rain feed the river. The average annual water consumption at 332 km from the mouth is 87.6 m3/s. There are more than 800 lakes in the river basin; their total area is 17.1 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The largest tributaries are the following rivers: Charveya, Unary, Delingdeken, Kerboku, Dyelingdeken, Detkekte, Siki, Neptenne and Varheme.</p><br>
<p>Kerbo, the only village on the river, has been uninhabited since Soviet times.</p><br>
<p>The Newcomen Memorial Engine  is a preserved beam engine in Dartmouth, Devon. It was preserved as a memorial to Thomas Newcomen , inventor of the beam engine, who was born in Dartmouth.</p><br>
<p>The engine is the world&#39;s oldest surviving steam engine.</p><br>
<h2>The engine</h2><br>
<h3>Newcomen engines</h3><br>
<p>Newcomens first successful engine is considered to be the Dudley Castle engine of 1712. Newcomen engines were used for applications that required the raising of water, such as the draining of coal mines. These fire engines&#39; became popular for mining and 104 were in use by 1733, eventually over two thousand of them were installed.</p><br>
<h3>Re-use of old engines</h3><br>
<p>Although a radical new invention at its time, the Newcomen design was later, ca. 1775, supplanted by improved engines to the designs of Smeaton or Watt. The original Newcomen engine was inefficient in its use of fuel and was often replaced by a more efficient engine to save on fuel costs. This led to an extensive trade in both upgrading older engines with newly invented features, and in trading older engines to less demanding sites as they were replaced. Older engines would often continue in colliery areas where coal was cheap.</p><br>
<p>Engines of this period had a considerable cost in the manufacture of their cylinder, a difficult engineering problem for the day. Their timber beams, pumps and engine house were relatively cheap in comparison. When second-hand engines were traded to other sites, it is this cylinder that is most easily traced, with many working on several sites over their lifetime. The surviving engines of this period have mostly been moved from their original leading-edge sites to some quiet backwater, often pumping water into canals, where they languished with only intermittent use. This was often seasonal, pumping only being required during a dry summer, and so the heavy coal consumption of an early engine was acceptable.</p><br>
<h3>Griff Colliery</h3><br>
<p>The early history of this engine is unclear but it was built some time around the start of the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>Newcomen constructed an engine for Griff Colliery near Nuneaton in 1714 "to draw water by the impellant force of fire". The first engine was to be capable of pumping 16,700 litres of water per hour from the mine, with a maximum depth of 140 ft. This first engine was working by 1715. It had "a copper boiler, a brass steam barrel (cylinder) and piston, two pit barrels of pott metal (cast iron) and other pypes cisterns and appurtenances thereto belonging". The brass cylinder may have been 16 in in diameter and 9 ft long.</p><br>
<p>For this engine a patent premium of £7 "payable on Saturday of each week" was due. Seeing how well the engine performed, the mine owners hoped to take over the maintenance of the engine, and its costs, with an option to build other engines under the terms of the patent. This was agreed, and the partners paid £150 for the first six months with further payments of £420 per year for each mine drained.</p><br>
<p>A second engine was erected around 1719. The mine though was not as profitable as expected and the original partners surrendered their 29-year lease in 1720, after only 7 years.</p><br>
<p>New owners had a third engine, the surviving Memorial Engine, erected in 1725. It is likely that this was a rebuilt version of the first engine, with the original brass cylinder replaced with a larger 22 in bore one of cast iron with a stroke of 5 ft. The engine was capable of pumping at 12 strokes per minute, moving 68,200 litres of water every hour. The engine was not large, even for its time, and used a simple 12 ft one-piece wooden beam, without additional struts or being made of multiple laminated timbers. It was also carried on a timber frame, rather than being house-built. Further investment followed in 1728 with a new boiler for one of the engines.</p><br>
<p>The colliery was worked out though and produced little coal after 1728. The Savery patents were still in effect and operating two engines attracted premiums of £300 per annum. The colliery closed over the next few years and the equipment was sold. In 1729 a spare brass cylinder was sold to Measham Colliery, probably that replaced when the Memorial Engine cylinder had been replaced with cast iron. The engines, one of which would become the Memorial Engine, were sold in 1731 to Henry Green of the Bedworth Coal Works, south of Griff, and one in 1734 to John Wise, bringing a close to mining at Griff.</p><br>
<h3>Oakthorpe Colliery</h3><br>
<p>Details of the engine&#39;s longest period of service, nearly a century, are uncertain. It seems to have been the later engine sold from Griff in 1734 to John Wise, who was the owner of Oakthorpe Colliery at Measham. Joseph Wilkes would later own the colliery, and its engines.</p><br>
<h4>Rebuilding</h4><br>
<p>A second rebuilding, or more, took place during this service. Following James Watt&#39;s production of the much-improved separate condenser for Newcomen engines there were a number of improvements that were often applied to existing engines.</p><br>
<p>The most important of these was the pickle pot condenser, a device with the advantages of the separate condenser yet avoiding, barely, the Watt patent. As Watts patent for the separate condenser ran from 1769 to 1800, these patent-avoiding devices can often be dated to this period: after their invention by Watt, but before the Watt device could simply be copied directly. The Engine also shows evidence of a patched hole in the side of the cylinder, where the original Newcomen injection valve was removed. The pickle-pot condenser is an extension below the cylinder connected by a large diameter pipe. A jet condenser within this works in the same way as the separate Watt condenser. The Watt condenser is attached by a longer, narrow pipe to the cylinder. By claiming that the pickle pot was an extension of the main cylinder, rather than a separate component, it avoided infringing the Watt patent. A requirement for this was also that the haystack boiler was moved away from its traditional Newcomen position, directly beneath the cylinder. This was an innovation described by John Curr in his The Coal Viewer & Engine Builders Companion of 1797.</p><br>
<p>Other developments applied to the Engine included plate chain to connect to the arch heads of the beam, rather than the earlier link chains. The Engine&#39;s valves were replaced with drop valves, operated by a rack and pinion driven from the arbor, worked by horns and tappets on the moving vertical plug rod.</p><br>
<p>After pumping at the colliery until around 1821 the engine was in the ownership of a Jonathan Woodhouse. Probably due to replacement by a newer engine, as the colliery continued working, it was sold again. This time out of the coal industry, and to a canal</p><br>
<h3>Coventry Canal</h3><br>
<p>The Coventry Canal Company purchased the engine in 1821 and set it to work pumping water from a well to maintain levels in the canal. An engine house, still surviving, was built at the Hawkesbury Junction, Warwickshire in 1837. The engine has sometimes been known as the "Coventry Canal Engine", after this service. The engine stayed in intermittent service here until 1913, a second service of over ninety years.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The engine was preserved in 1963 by the Newcomen Society, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the birth of Thomas Newcomen. It was moved to his birthplace in Dartmouth and re-erected in a new museum there, known as the Newcomen Engine House. This building, originally an electricity substation, also contains the Tourist Information Centre building.</p><br>
<p>The engine is now worked by modern hydraulics and may be seen moving in action.</p><br>
<p>The Island Falls Opera House is a historic multipurpose building at the junction of Old Patten Road, Sewall Street, and Bog Brook Road in the center of the small town of Island Falls, Maine. Built in 1894, the building included retail, performance, and residential spaces, and is a type of building that was once common and is now rare in rural Maine. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Island Falls Opera House is a large, roughly L-shaped wood frame building, which occupies a prominent lot overlooking a major intersection in the center of Island Falls. One leg of the L runs north-south, and is 2-1/2 stories in height, with a front-gable roof. The front facade has a projecting single-story section with a flat roof, behind which the second floor facade has a central Palladian-style three-part window at the center, and narrow windows flanking and in the gable above. On the side walls of this section there are three bays, most with narrow sash windows, then a repeat of the Palladian-style windows, which are topped by cross-gables at the roof line, and then additional bays with narrow sash windows. The rear section of the building has a gable roof running east-west and is 3-1/2 stories in height.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the southern leg originally had a general store and the theater entrance on the ground floor. The store section still retains original wooden counters and shelving, while the theater lobby has the original ticket booth. The theater occupies most of the upper levels of the building, and includes original seating and wall decorations. The lower sections of the rear portion have a living area that has retained original woodwork, including a stairway with an elaborate newell post, and a decorative arch leading into the parlor.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built in 1894 by Columbus Lamb Pettengill and his son on land purchased from W. W. Sewall, a major local landowner, whose deeds of sale disallowed the sale of alcohol. The performance venue was a major local entertainment space, and was adapted for the showing of motion pictures in the 1920s. The property now stands vacant.</p><br>
<p>The Springfield to Fayetteville Road-Cross Hollow Segment is a 2 mi section of a historic 19th-century road in Benton County, Arkansas. The road is now designated Old Wire Road, and the historic segment runs northward from its junction with County Road 620, northeast of Lowell. This road bed is a part of one of the first roads built in the area, running from Fayetteville, Arkansas to Springfield, Missouri. Built in 1835, the road bed has its original width  and original embankments. The road is notable as part of the northern route of the Trail of Tears, when Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River were forcibly relocated to what is now Oklahoma, and for its use in military operations during the American Civil War. It is the longest known intact segment of the Trail of Tears in Arkansas.</p><br>
<p>The road segment was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Springfield to Fayetteville Road-Elkhorn Tavern Segment is a section of historic 19th-century roadway in Pea Ridge National Military Park in northwestern Arkansas. It is a dirt road, about 1 mi long and 18 to 20 ft wide, that was built in 1835. The first major road through northwestern Arkansas, it connected Fayetteville, Arkansas with Springfield, Missouri. The road was part of the major northern route of the Trail of Tears, the forcible remove in the late 1830s of Native Americans from east of the Mississippi River to what is now Oklahoma. The road was also actively used by both Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War, and was the major route of advance by Confederate forces leading to the Battle of Pea Ridge, whose battlefield is preserved by the park.</p><br>
<p>The road segment was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Stack Barn is an unusual and historic barn in Benton County, Arkansas. It is located near Monte Ne about 500 ft south of Arkansas Highway 94 1.5 mi east of its junction with the spur route of AR 94 leading to the old Monte Ne resort area. Built in 1901, the barn&#39;s features are an amalgam of styles found from Pennsylvania to the American South. It is rectangular in shape, with a tin gabled roof that has a slight projection near the top at one end, and board-and-batten siding. Unlike typical Arkansas barns, it is set on slope with a stone foundation, creating a bank barn with an accessible basement more typical of northeastern barns, and necessitating a proper floor  for the main level. The interior is laid out like a fairly typical 19th-century midwestern three-portal barn.</p><br>
<p>The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Tuscumbia Landing Site is a historic port site near Sheffield, Alabama. The landing was established in 1824 at the mouth of Spring Creek on the Tennessee River. As large craft could not navigate Spring Creek to reach Tuscumbia, the landing was built to transfer goods to and from the town. The New Orleans and Tuscumbia Steamboat Company was created in 1825, and connected The Shoals with towns on the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Wagons were used to haul goods between the landing and the town until a horse-drawn railroad, the first railroad west of the Appalachian Mountains, was built from 1831 to 1832. The line was later extended to Decatur in 1834, bypassing the treacherous shoals on the Tennessee River, and was renamed the Tuscumbia, Courtland and Decatur Railroad. The landing was also a stop for many Muscogee and Cherokee along the Trail of Tears.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, the landing was heavily damaged in April 1862 by Colonel John Basil Turchins troops; it was completely destroyed by General Grenville M. Dodge in April 1863, in the lead-up to Streights Raid. Following the war, Florence became the port of choice in the Shoals, as the warehouses at Tuscumbia were never rebuilt. The site contains six limestone foundations of the main depot along the river, as well as foundation walls of a terminal at the top of a bluff and the remnants of a wagon road. The depot was built in 1832, and was three stories tall. A floating wharf was connected to the uppermost floor of the building, while the two lower floors were used for storage.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The William Winston House is a historic residence in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Construction was begun in 1835 by merchant Clark T. Barton, and finished in 1840 by planter William Winston. Winstons son, John A. Winston, was Governor of Alabama from 1854 until 1857; Winstons daughter married another Governor, Robert B. Lindsay. The house remained in the family until 1948, when it was sold to the city, which constructed a new campus for Deshler High School around the house.</p><br>
<p>The two-story brick house has a hipped roof with two chimneys on each side. The brick on all sides is laid in Flemish bond. The five-bay façade features a single-height portico flanked by 2 non-original nine-over-nine windows on each floor. The portico is supported by four Tuscan columns, and covers a front door that is surrounded by a transom and sidelights. The deck above has a short balustrade, and the original French door has been replaced with a window with sidelights. The interior is laid out in a center-hall plan with two rooms on either side. A spiral staircase runs from the first floor all the way to the attic.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pinpet or "Pine Tree Mountain" is a mountain in Shan State, Myanmar containing the countrys second largest iron deposits. The mountain is located 7 miles southeast of Taunggyi, the capital of Shan state, and covers an area of approximately 8 square miles. The mountain stands at 1,400 meters above sea level. There are around 7,000 people that call this mountain home, most of whom belong to the PaO ethnic nationality.</p><br>
<h2>Local Community</h2><br>
<p>The area surrounding Mount Pinpet is known as the Hopone Valley, which is home to an estimated 35,000 people and approximately 100 villages. The Thabat Stream runs southward along Mount Pinpet and continues for 100 miles before meeting the Pawn River.</p><br>
<p>The majority of villagers living near Mount Pinpet are of the Pa&#39;O ethnic group, with ethnic Shans and Indians also living in the area. Around the base of the mountain, approximately 7,000 people live in 25 villages. The majority of these villagers are farmers, but many hunt and gather in the forests and fish in the stream.</p><br>
<h2>Mineral Resources</h2><br>
<p>Mount Pinpet is rich in many minerals and is the second largest known iron ore deposit in Burma, falling second to a site near Hapkant, Kachin State. (11) Along with iron, the mountain contains copper, limestone, wolfram, tin and possibly uranium.</p><br>
<p>Exploration of the mountain began in 1951 when iron ore deposits were discovered. Foreign geologists came and began constructing underground tunnels at the western and northeastern portions of the mountain, but activities were stalled due to the Burmese military coup in 1962.</p><br>
<p>A second attempt was made to excavate Mount Pinpet after a ceasefire in 1991. In 1992, Burmese army battalions were sent to occupy this area. Communications Battalion No. 212 confiscated land in Mai Toung village, between Mount Pinpet and Taunggyi. Northeast of the mountain, 25,402 acres were confiscated by the Regional Command Central Battalion No. 3. At this time, soldiers were ready to secure the area to move forward with excavation, however activities were again stalled due to lack of funds.</p><br>
<p>A new attempt, referred to as the Pinpet Mining Project, has been made since 2003 to excavate the mountains mineral deposits. Government media reports indicate that the iron ore will be extracted using open-pit mining. The Mining Project has gained national attention due to a variety of potentially controversial factors including environmental impacts, forced migration of villagers, lack of transparency from the Burmese government, and potential extraction of uranium for nuclear development. Information about the projects goals and impact assessments have yet to be released.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental Effects</h2><br>
<p>Currently, Mount Pinpet suffers effects of deforestation from logging for agricultural expansion and firewood. If the Pinpet Mining Project continues, the mountain&#39;s ecosystem will suffer from massive negative environmental effects. Open-pit mines radically alter landscapes and this will contribute to habitat loss, further deforestation, massive erosion, and silting of water sources near Mount Pinpet.</p><br>
<h2>Forced Relocation and Displacement</h2><br>
<p>Local communities surrounding Mount Pinpet were neither informed of or allowed to participate in discussions about the mining project. Since the start of the mines development in 2004, the villagers around the mountain have endured forced relocation and land confiscation. Already, fifty people have been forced to move and according to the Pa&#39;O Youth Organization, a total of 3,000 villagers are in immediate danger of being displaced, with 4,000 more likely to be displaced as excavation continues.</p><br>
<p>Old St. Josephs Catholic Church, now Old St. Joes Hall, is a historic former church building at Anvil City Square in Nome, Alaska.</p><br>
<p>Designed by J.B. Randell of Seattle, Washington and built in 1901, it is one of the oldest buildings in the city. It is also the only wood-frame Gothic Revival church in Alaska, and is one of the most visible buildings in the city. Originally located at the corner of West King Place and Steadman Street, it served as a church until 1944. It fell into disrepair, resulting in the removal of its distinctive tall steeple. In 1995, it was given to the city, which moved it to Anvil City Square the following year and restored it. It now serves as a community hall.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Rangeley Trust Company Building is a historic former bank building at 60 Main Street in the center of Rangeley, Maine. It now houses the Rangeley Lakes Region Historical Society Museum. It is a single story brick Classical Revival building, designed by William R. Miller and built in 1905-06. It was Rangeleys first brick commercial building, and housed its first bank. From 1922 to 1979 it served as Rangeleys town hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Rangeley Trust Company Building stands facing roughly east on the west side of Main Street (Maine State Route 4) in the center of Rangeley village. It is a small single-story brick structure, three bays wide, with a flat roof and a concrete foundation. The entrance is in the center bay topped by a dentillated pediment. It is flanked by plate glass windows topped by transom windows, which are framed by brick pilasters. The facade is topped by a broad entablature and wooden cornice, with a low brick parapet above. The main space in the interior, originally the bank lobby and teller area, is finished with tongue-and-groove wainscoting. Toward the rear of the building there is a vault, the office of the bank president, and stairs leading to the basement. The basement has a small metal jail cell located beneath the vault.</p><br>
<p>The town of Rangeley was established in 1860, but experienced significant growth in the late 19th century with the advent of outdoor vacation activity spurred by the adjacent Rangeley Lakes reputation as a fishing locale. The Rangeley Trust Company was founded in 1905 by Harry Furbish, a local businessman active in both lumbering and insurance, as a vehicle to finance the areas economic development. Furbish retained Lewiston architect William R. Miller to design this Classical Revival building, which opened for business in 1906. Furbish operated his businesses out this building until 1922, when the bank moved to larger quarters. It was then converted for use as town hall (around which time the basement jail cell was added). In 1979 the town gave the building to the local historical society, which now uses it as its headquarters and museum.</p><br>
<p>The Aschberg is a hill, in the Hütten Hills Nature Park in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.</p><br>
<p>In good weather, the view reaches as far as the Baltic Sea. The Nature Park Way, which links five nature parks in Schleswig-Holstein for ramblers, runs over the Aschberg.</p><br>
<p>Since 1930, the 7-metre-high Bismarck statue has stood on the Aschberg. Following a resolution by the Knivsberg Gesellschaft, it was salvaged in 1919 from the alcove of the Bismarck tower on the Knivsberg near Apenrade in North Schleswig. The statue, based on a design by sculptor, Adolf Brütt, was made by the Berlin metal sculptor, Gustav Lind, in copper repoussé work. In the late 19th century an observation tower, made of wood, was first erected on the highest point, but it was replaced by a newer wooden tower after just a few years. This roughly 10-metre-high tower was called the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Turm (Emperor William Tower). It existed until 1918.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 and 2013 the roughly 10 hectare area on the Aschberg was remodelled at a cost of 11 million euros. After three years of planning and 18 months of construction, a hotel was built with 30 double rooms, a seminar building with restaurant and a roughly 20-metre-high observation and climbing tower. The opening of the climbing tower, the erection of an adjacent multi-function area and opening of a youth hostel followed in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Braeside Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead at Crystal Mount Road, Dalveen, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1870s to 1920s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 August 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The block on which Braeside Homestead is situated was taken up in 1869, during the opening of large tracts of Rosenthal run to selection in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The homestead itself was established in the mid-1870s. From 1879 to 1901 the property was developed as a model stud farm by Queensland pastoralist, politician and businessman William Allan. It is not certain who named the property, but by 1887 Braeside was identified in the local electoral roll as both the grazing property and a locality.</p><br>
<p>In the earliest years of non-indigenous settlement on the southern Darling Downs, Braeside was included within the Leslie brothers mid-1840 ambit claim for Tulburra run, and from was part of the North British Australasian Investment Co.s Rosenthal run, excised from Tulburra.</p><br>
<p>Under the provisions of the Alienation of Crown Lands Act of 1868, James Adam Veitch of Warwick selected two blocks along Turner Creek from Rosenthal Run in 1869. These comprised selection 286 (containing the site of Braeside Homestead – 1280 acres of first-class pastoral land and 1280 acres of second-class pastoral land) selected on 25 August 1869 and adjacent selection 295 (320 acres of first-class pastoral land and 320 acres of second-class pastoral land) selected on 15 September 1869 – making a total of 3290 acres. Under the conditions of selection, Veitch had to pay an annual rental of £96 per annum on selection 286 for a period of ten years, commencing 1 July 1869, and had to make improvements. Once these conditions were satisfied, he could apply for freehold title.</p><br>
<p>The Darling Downs Bailiff for Crown Lands first inspected selection 286 on 16 December 1875, to ascertain proof of the fulfilment of the conditions of selection. At this time boundary rider Henry Steel had been in residence on the block from 1 January 1870, acting as bailiff for JA Veitch, "sheep overseer" of Glengallan. The property was stocked with 1000 sheep and 224 head of cattle, property of the selector. Improvements consisted mainly of fencing and sheep yards, and there was a two-roomed slab hut with a bark roof, chimney, verandah, and "bush furniture", which was the residence of Steel and his wife. The inspectors report and neighbours declarations satisfied WC Hume, the Darling Downs Commissioner of Crown Lands, who in February 1876 issued Veitch with a certificate of fulfilment of the conditions of selection. The next month Veitch signed over his interest in the leases of selections 286 and 295 to South Toolburra grazier Bertie Chiverton Parr, who immediately paid off the outstanding debt and gained freehold title in July 1876. Parr likely named the property, and also appears to have acquired a number of adjacent selections which became part of Braeside.</p><br>
<p>A little over a year later, in September 1877, Parr conveyed selections 286 and 285 to Francis Henry Needham of Warwick, for the sum of £1200. This was the value of the property when first acquired for selection in 1869, suggesting that no substantial improvement, such as a house, had been erected by this date. In February 1878 Needham registered a £1600 mortgage on the property from George Arthur Needham, which he likely raised to purchase and/or improve the property. It was possibly Needham who erected the first house (as distinguished from the earlier slab hut) on Braeside.</p><br>
<p>Needham was the second son of the Hon. Francis Henry Needham. Socially he was extremely well connected, having married Grace Gore, daughter of the late aristocrat and pioneer Darling Downs squatter St George Richard Gore, at Warwick in June 1873. Needham was resident in the Dalveen district by 22 September 1876 – whether this was at Braeside has not been established, but it is possible he was managing the property for Parr – and was influential in selecting a site for the location of Dalveen railway station in October 1878. However, he retained title to selections 286 and 295 for less than two years before selling them for £1500 to pastoralist William Allan in July 1879.</p><br>
<p>Allan, the well-educated son of an Edinburgh lawyer, arrived in Australia aged about 17, to work for his uncle Alexander Campbell in Victoria. Allan gained his pastoral experience principally at his uncles property and at Bundure Station in the Riverina. In 1869 he purchased the lease of Geraldra Station, near Bland Creek in New South Wales, and in 1871 established a lucrative stock and station agency at Young in New South Wales. Late in 1871 he married Emily Mate of Tarcutta Station, New South Wales, the daughter of successful Albury storekeeper, station owner and politician, Thomas Hodge Mate. The marriage consolidated Allans social, business and political connections in the colonies.</p><br>
<p>In 1874 Allan joined the second wave of southern pastoralists to move into Queensland, with the purchase of Whyenbah and Woolerina Stations on the Balonne and Maranoa rivers. Pastoralists of Allan&#39;s generation were the pastoral improvers of Queensland, replacing the pioneer land grabbers of the 1840s and 1850s.</p><br>
<p>In purchasing Braeside, a well-watered grazing property on the southern Darling Downs, from FH Needham in 1879, Allan was able to concentrate on stock breeding and improvement, developing the property as a model stud farm, his pastoral headquarters, and his familys permanent place of residence. At Braeside Allan established a purebred Hereford Cattle Stud and bred black Merino and Lincoln sheep, the wool selling well on the London market. He took a great interest in developing the stud, keeping detailed herd books. His bulls had a reputation for hardiness and longevity, and were in demand with graziers. Braeside Stud was sufficiently significant to Queensland to be featured in the Department of Agricultures Queensland Agricultural Journal of September 1899. At this time the property totalled about 12,000 acres, and included Mount Crystal. The Hereford cattle stud numbered over 1,000, all descended from high-class imported English stock. In addition there was a fine Jersey dairy herd at Braeside, and some cropping for home consumption, on the creek flats. The house was set amid extensive gardens and an orchard.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s Allan established a close business connection with the mercantile firm of BD Morehead & Co. In December 1881 he nominated Boyd Dunlop Morehead of Brisbane and his brother-in-law William Henry Mate of Tarcutta Station, New South Wales, as trustees for Braeside, and in 1882 was made a partner in the firm of BD Morehead & Co. In 1886, he was appointed managing partner.</p><br>
<p>In addition to his building up of the Braeside stud, his other Queensland pastoral interests, his involvement with BD Morehead & Co., and world trips with his family in 1875 and 1883, Allan was actively involved in community and political spheres. He was a President of the prestigious Queensland Club in Brisbane, the Brisbane Chamber of Commerce, and the Eastern Downs Agricultural and Horticultural Association. He was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of Queensland, and a committee member of the Royal Agricultural Society and the Queensland National Association. He was also a major in the Darling Downs Mounted Infantry Regiment (volunteers) and a prominent freemason. Through his work with the Darling Downs Pastoralists Association, the United Pastoralists Association, the Federated Employers Union of Queensland (all of which he helped form) and as Vice-President of the Pastoralists Federal Council of Australia, Allan took a significant role in defeating the shearers strikes of the early 1890s and maintaining the pastoral status quo. He served as Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for the Darling Downs from November 1881 to October 1883 and from September 1887 to May 1888, prior to his election as MLA for Cunningham in May 1888. He held this seat until March 1896. As may be expected from his pastoralist and mercantile activities, he was a McIlwraith Nationalist and a Coalition Conservative, and while never holding a portfolio, his social, pastoral and business connections enabled him to wield considerable personal influence. In March 1897 he was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council, a position he retained until his sudden death in October 1901. It is likely, given Allans popularity and strong social, commercial and local political profile, that he entertained regularly at Braeside.</p><br>
<p>Following William Allans death his wife Emily remained at Braeside for several years, with AW Allan, managing the property. In September 1906 the property was transferred to George Edward Bunning, manager of Darr River Downs Station in Western Queensland. Bunning and his family resided permanently at Braeside for only a few years, having made Brisbane their principal place of residence by 1911 and leaving Braeside to the supervision of managers. Photographic evidence reveals that substantial extensions to the main homestead, which include a northern bedroom wing, and on the southern side an idiosyncratic "tower" and a large public room which may have functioned as a ballroom, living room or billiard room, were constructed between 1899 and 1918, and were most likely erected for the Bunning family. By 1918, Braeside Homestead comprised a substantial group of buildings, with a complex series of additions, extensions and renovations. The majority of these structures survive although some have been relocated within the homestead yards.</p><br>
<p>Bunning subdivided Braeside in the mid-1920s. The bulk of the property, including the block containing Braeside Homestead (subdivision 1, portion 192, par Rosenthal, co Merivale, comprising 1226 acres 3 roods 19 perches), was transferred in February 1925 to Englishman Harold Priest, who retained it for only a few years. During this period his brother Alfred, a London painter of some repute, stayed and painted at Braeside. Early in 1928 Priest sold Braeside to George Gilbert Cory of Gordonbrook and Cormanshurst. The Cory family retained and occupied Braeside for over 20 years until it was transferred in 1951/52 to Kenneth William Lloyd. In 1951 the western end of the northern bedroom wing of the main house was relocated about 100 metres to the west, to form a separate residence for Mr and Mrs Leighton, who managed Braeside for the Lloyds.</p><br>
<p>In 1954 the property, then reputedly comprising about 7,000 acres, was transferred to Cecil Raymond Hardman Lockwood, who ran it with a staff of 6 or 7. It is understood that an early shingled dormitory building, evident in photographs taken between 1918 and 1922, was destroyed by fire in the 1950s. Lockwood sold Braeside in 1972. Several subsequent rapid changes in ownership to 1983 saw the property decline. In the late 1990s Braeside Homestead was developed by the Lindsay family as a "home stay".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Braeside Homestead is located about 28 kilometres south of Warwick just west of the New England Highway, along Crystal Mount Road, overlooking Turner&#39;s Creek to the east. It comprises a complex grouping of timber structures, including the main residence with multifarious additions and extensions, outbuildings, yards, fencing and gardens. Most of the buildings date to the last quarter of the 19th and first two decades of the 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The core of the main building, which likely dates to the mid-1870s, is a rectangular, timber-framed, timber-clad and timber-lined building which faces east toward the creek. It is set on low timber stumps and has deep exterior chamferboards, a steeply pitched hipped main roof with two double brick chimneys, and a front central projecting gable over an enclosed former front entrance. The roof of this gable has timber shingles beneath later corrugated iron cladding. The interior is lined with wide, single-beaded, tongue and groove timber boarding.</p><br>
<p>At the northern end of the main house is an early 20th century bedroom wing, with heavy timber infill to the gable end, which faces north. Prior to the early 1950s, this wing extended further west, with a second north-facing gable. This second gabled section is now located about 100 metres to the west on the homestead block, and is occupied as a separate residence. In its place is a small timber laundry extension.</p><br>
<p>At the southern end of the core building is another early 20th century timber extension. This has a pyramid roof clad in corrugated iron., and external chamferboards narrower than those of the 1870s section. Like the core and the northern wing, the southern extension also rests on timber stumps, but at a greater height than the core, and there are steps leading down to the foyer connecting this extension to the 1870s building. The southern extension comprises one large room – living room/ball room/billiard room – with a high, coved ceiling lined in narrow tongue and groove timber boarding. In the eastern wall is a bay window overlooking the garden, and glass doors opening onto the southern verandah of the house core.</p><br>
<p>Opening off the southern end of this extension is an idiosyncratic timber "tower", about one and a half storeys in height, with a steeply pitched pyramid roof of galvanized iron with a top finial and acroteria to the corners of the guttering. It is square in form, and has narrow windows at the top, just below the eaves. These are separated on the exterior by decorative timber brackets. There are verandahs with timber posts and capitals and corrugated iron roofs to the front and side of the tower. Later glass doors open to both verandahs. Internally the tower comprises one room, lined with the same narrow, vertically jointed tongue and groove timber boards as the southern extension, and opens directly into this room via a simple timber arch in the northern wall. Like the rest of the complex, the "tower" is set on timber stumps, but higher than those of the larger southern extension. This "tower" now forms the principal entrance to the residence.</p><br>
<p>Behind the "tower" room, to the west, is a bedroom wing which appears to be the remnant enclosed northern verandah of an earlier dormitory wing which was destroyed by fire s. This has an open verandah along the southern side.</p><br>
<p>Attached or semi-attached to the rear of the core are a number of weatherboard-clad structures, including kitchen, study, meat house and garage. Most of these have hipped roofs clad with corrugated galvanised iron. The meat house roof is gabled. There are two red- brick chimneys, thought to date to the 1950s, in this section of the homestead.</p><br>
<p>The main house is set within gardens which include an early carriage path from the south with remnant early hedging; a number of mature trees likely to date to the 19th century; a tennis court in the southwest corner of the garden; and terraces with stone retaining walls along the bank to the creek.</p><br>
<p>To the west/northwest of the house are a number of outbuildings, which include an early two-storeyed timber barn relocated from its original location closer to the house, and an early single-storeyed two-roomed cottage also formerly located closer to the house.</p><br>
<p>Between these outbuildings and the main house is an L-shaped timber cottage with a front gable with heavy timber infill. This cottage was formerly part of the northern bedroom wing of the main residence.</p><br>
<p>There are numerous yards and sheds adjacent to the principal outbuildings and Rose Cottage. On the southern perimeter of the homestead block, along Crystal Mountain Road, is a timber paling fence.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Braeside Homestead was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 August 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Braeside Homestead is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland history. The property was developed as an important Hereford stud in the last two decades of the 19th century, during a significant period of pastoral improvement in Queensland, and is illustrative of the dominance of Darling Downs stud farms in livestock breeding in Queensland in the 19th and early 20th centuries. William Allan&#39;s work at Braeside made a major contribution to livestock improvement in this State.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Braeside Homestead comprises a substantial complex of timber structures set within gardens and yards, which has evolved over time. It remains substantially intact, and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type. The timber buildings are worthy of further investigation and analysis, and have the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of the construction and design of timber buildings in rural Queensland from the 1870s to the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The placed has strong aesthetic value, engendered by the materials, complex form, garden and creek-side settings, and surrounding rural environment.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Braeside Homestead is important also for its association with pastoralist, businessman and politician William Allan, who contributed significantly to stock improving and conservative politics in Queensland, and who wielded strong personal influence in pastoral, mercantile and political circles.</p><br>
<p>Stockton is a historic plantation house located near Woodville, Perquimans County, North Carolina. It was built about 1848, and consists of a two-story, three bay, temple form central section flanked by one-story wings. The Greek Revival style frame house has gable roofs on each section and a prostyle tetrastyle Doric order portico on the front of the central section. It was the boyhood home of Robert W. Welch, Jr. . It was then sold to Alvie Cook in 1935 who owned it until his death in 1970. Alvie and Mabel Cook raised five daughters in the home: Marguerite, Sue, Peggy, Grace, and Mabel Louise . After Alvie&#39;s death, Mabel Cook, sold it in 1970 to the current owners, Eugena and Ellen Roundtree.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Lake Placid, a gourd-shaped lake, has a surface area of 3,406.03 acre."List of Highlands County Lakes," Highlands County Board of County Commissioners website, at</p><br>
<p>This lake is south of the city of Lake Placid, Florida; it is just outside the south city limits of the city. This lake was once known as Lake Childs. The area immediately surrounding it is mostly rural, but there are housing developments abutting the lake on part of its west side. Placid View Drive runs along part of the west side and Old State Route 8 runs along part of the east side.</p><br>
<p>Lake Placid provides public access along part of its shore. There are two public boat ramps on shore, one at 150 Harris Drive (on the northeast side) and the other at 3349 Placid View Drive (on the west side of the lake). There are no public swimming areas along the lake shore, but it can be fished from the shore. This lake has a variety of game fish: largemouth bass, catfish, bream, bluegill, redear sunfish, blue catfish, crappie.</p><br>
<p>This lake named Lake Placid is one of a several Lake Placids in Florida, as well as other places.</p><br>
<p>Pilgrim Hot Springs is a ghost town in the interior of the Seward Peninsula of northwestern Arctic Alaska. Also known as Kruzgamepa, it is located on the southeast bank of the Kruzgamepa River, about 8 mi south of milepost 65 of the Kougarok Road. The location gained prominence in the early 20th century because of its thermal hot springs, which made agricultural homesteading possible, and which were adapted to provide a respite for the gold miners of Nome. Early buildings, built 1900-03, were of log construction, and included a log cabin, barn and chicken house. A roadhouse and saloon were built after 1903, but were destroyed by fire in 1908, after the mining boom had ended.</p><br>
<p>After the flu epidemic of 1918, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nome built a large orphanage at the site, complete with a large church, dormitory and school, and living quarters for the staff, as well as greenhouses. These facilities were kept warm by water piped from the hot springs. The site was closed in 1941, but soon reopened as a recreational facility for the military, serving until the end of World War II. When surveyed in 1977 prior to listing on the National Register of Historic Places, the buildings on the site were in deteriorated condition. The site is owned by Unaataq LLC, a consortium of area Alaska native corporations which is working on development alternatives for the site, including power generation and tourism.</p><br>
<p>The Skowhegan History House is a historic house and museum at 66 Elm Street in Skowhegan, Maine. Built in 1839, this two-story brick house is one of the few of that period to survive Skowhegan&#39;s industrialization later in the 19th century. The house has served as a local history museum since 1937. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The History House is set on the south side of Elm Street, between it and the Kennebec River, at the junction of Elm with Norridgewock Avenue and Pleasant Street. It is a two-story brick structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof and two end chimneys. The brick is laid in a modified English bond, with seven rows of stretchers followed by a course of headers. Its Greek Revival styling includes a simple cornice and returns at the gable ends, sidelight windows and pilasters flanking the main entrance, and granite sills and lintels. A fireproof museum wing was added to the rear of the house in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1839 by Abner Spear, a blacksmith, and was a fairly typical small workers house of the period. Most similar buildings in Skowhegan were lost due to the citys industrialization over the remainder of the 19th century. The house was acquired by Louise Coburn, a local historian, who in 1937, opened its doors as a museum. The rear addition, added at that time, was executed with sympathetic techniques and styling.</p><br>
<p>The museum is open Tuesday-Saturday between May and October, or by appointment. Its collections are focused on local history, and include unique documents and artifacts.</p><br>
<p>The Old Hancock County Buildings are a pair of Greek Revival buildings on Court Street, at a triangular intersection with USA Route 1  and Maine State Route 172 in Ellsworth, Maine. Originally built in 1834 and 1838 to house Ellsworth Town Hall and the Hancock County courthouse, they are now owned and occupied by the Courthouse Art Gallery. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former courthouse and town hall occupy a triangular parcel of land bounded by Court Street, US 1, and Maine State Route 172, across the Union River from Ellsworth&#39;s central business district. Most of the lot is grassy, sloping up to Court Street, where the courthouse stands to the south and the town hall to the north. Both buildings face the green to the east. The courthouse has a first floor of brick, but both buildings are otherwise wooden frame, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. In both cases the roof extends over a Doric arcade at both the front and rear of the building; that of the courthouse has eight columns, while that of the town hall has six. The courthouse front has two large gable-roof dormers in the front, with paired double windows topped by a small lunette; a similar dormer appears on the rear.</p><br>
<p>The triangular parcel on which the buildings stand was given to the town in 1833 by the Hebert family, with the proviso that the town hall be built there, and the county courthouse, should Ellsworth be chosen as Hancock County&#39;s shire town. The town hall was built in 1834; after the town was named county seat in 1837, it and the property were transferred to the county, which built the courthouse in 1838. The county used the buildings as a courthouse and registry until 1886, when those facilities were moved to newer and larger quarters. This property was given back to the city, which repurposed the courthouse as a high school, later expanding into the former town hall, joining the two building via an unheated covered passage. The school closed in 1924, and the buildings were subsequently condemned due to their deteriorating condition. Public outcry forestalled this, and the buildings were gradually rehabilitated in the 1960s, seeing occasional use by community organizations.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was sold to private owners in 2005, with preservation restrictions, and is now operated as the Courthouse Gallery. The gallery has since expanded into the adjacent former town hall.</p><br>
<p>Quigleys Castle is a historic house museum and garden at 274 Quigley Castle Road, off Arkansas Highway 23 south of Eureka Springs, Arkansas, and is one of the most unusual houses in northwestern Arkansas. The house was designed by Elise Quigley and built in 1943 by Albert Quigley and a neighbor, using lumber from the property. The exterior of the house is decorated with the collection of rocks Elise Quigley had accumulated since childhood. The house was specifically deisgned by Quigley to accommodate a two-story space for tropical plants. Over the years Elise Quigleys gardens expanded to take over much of the property. In 1950 the family began charging admission to tour the home, a practice that continues today.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Embassy of the United States of America to Kenya , located in Nairobi, is home to the diplomatic mission of the United States to the Republic of Kenya. The embassy opened in central Nairobi in 1964, when the United States established diplomatic relations with Kenya. In 1998, the original embassy was the target of a terrorist attack, after which a new embassy building was constructed in Gigiri, a suburb of Nairobi, in 2003. The US diplomatic mission to Somalia is also based at the Nairobi embassy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Original embassy</h3><br>
<p>The United States recognized Kenya upon its independence on 12 December 1963. The US formally established diplomatic relations with Kenya on 2 March 1964. The US embassy in Nairobi was established the same day. The original embassy (-1.289017&deg; latitude, 36.826880&deg; longitude) was located on the western corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue in central Nairobi.</p><br>
<h4>1998 bombing</h4><br>
<p>On the morning of August 7, 1998, a truck loaded with explosives detonated in a parking lot between the embassy and two commercial, high-rise buildings (both of which contained some offices for US diplomatic staff). The attack killed 213 people and injured approximately 4000. Only 12 of the dead were Americans; most were Kenyans killed when the Ufundi House—a seven-storey office building adjacent to the embassy—collapsed. A simultaneous attack occurred at the US Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The attacks were attributed to al-Qaeda.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the federal government convened a group of experts to examine the security of US diplomatic posts worldwide. The group later released a report, stating that the security of US diplomatic posts (collectively, the US&#39;s "overseas presence") were "unacceptable" and that the US overseas presence was "perilously close to the point of system failure." The 1998 embassy bombings and the September 11 terrorist attacks three years later prompted the US State Department to start a multibillion-dollar building and renovation program to make US embassies around the world safer.</p><br>
<p>The original embassy grounds were donated to a charitable trust, which turned the property into the August 7th Memorial Park and maintains the grounds. The August 7th Memorial Park contains a garden, a sculpture made of debris from the attack, a wall engraved with the names of victims, and a visitor&#39;s center (built on the site of the Ufundi House).</p><br>
<h3>New embassy</h3><br>
<p>In 2003,</p><br>
<h2>Mission</h2><br>
<p>The embassy is home to the US diplomatic mission to Kenya—diplomats and personnel representing United States interests in the host country, led by the United States Ambassador to Kenya. The US diplomatic mission to Kenya is working with the Kenyan government to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, promote and strengthen Kenyan institutes of democracy, and promote business between the US and Kenya; besides diplomatic activities, the embassy also provides consular services, such as issuing visas, passports (for US citizens), and providing assistance to US citizens in distress.</p><br>
<p>The embassy is also the base for the US diplomatic mission to Somalia, due to the security situation in Somalia.</p><br>
<p>The Kellenspitze, often also called the Kellespitze or Köllenspitze, at is the highest peak in the Tannheim Mountains. It lies in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Originally the mountain was known locally as the Metzenarsch, but when in 1854 Marie Frederica of Prussia visited the hunting lodge on the Tegelberg and was having the surrounding peaks pointed out, they called it after In der Kelle, the name of a strip of land at the foot of the mountain, because its original name referred to a Matz, in other words a prostitute, and seemed inappropriate.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>The summit lies a good 2 kilometres as the crow flies northeast of Nesselwängle and 7 kilometres west of Reutte. To the north is the valley of Raintal and, to the south, the start of the Tannheimer Tal. Nearby peaks are: to the south the Hahnenkamm, to the east the Gehrenspitze and to the west the Gimpel and the Rote Flüh.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Tannheim Mountains are part of the Northern Limestone Alps, whose folding began during the Alpide orogeny in the Lower Cretaceous about 140 million years ago and has not quite finished even today. In the wake of this mountain folding various nappes (Decken) of sedimentary rock (parts of the earth&#39;s crust broken off from the subsurface and pushed over one another) were stacked up and reach the surface as the Lechtal Nappe (Lechtaler Decke) in the area of the Kellenspitze. The summit and northern mountainside consist of Wetterstein limestone, whilst the southern flank comprises soft marl of the so-called Partnach beds. The rock of the Kellenspitze is very crumbly in places and relatively unattractive to climbers as a result.</p><br>
<h2>Bases and ascent</h2><br>
<p>The normal route for the easiest ascent of the Kellenspitze runs up the northwestern mountainside from the col of Nesselwängler Scharte. The base for this route is the Tannheimer Hut at 1,713 metres. From the hut the ascent heads steeply uphill to the north across the scree slopes of the Gimpelkar cirque to the col, then right and upwards requiring climbing at UIAA grade I and, in places II. There are also short sections of cable protection. According to the literature this approach takes a good 2 hours to reach the top. From the opposite side, a route runs from the Otto Mayr Hut in the north up to the same col, taking a good four hours to the top of the Kellenspitze.</p><br>
<h2>Literature and maps</h2><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert: Allgäuer Alpen Alpin, Alpine Club Guide. Munich, Bergverlag Rother, 2004.</p><br>
<p>Raimund von Klebelsberg: Geologie von Tirol, Berlin, 1935</p><br>
<p>Freytag & Berndt: walking map 1:50,000 series, Sheet WK 352, Ehrwald, Lermoos, Reutte, Tannheimer Tal</p><br>
<p>Mount Zinghmuh is a prominent mountain range in Falam district, Chin State, Burma. The highest peak of the range is recorded as 8814 feet  above sea level and is the third highest peak in Chin State, Myanmar after Mt.Khonumthung  also known as Nat Ma Taung or Mt. Victoria and Mt.Kennedy .</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Zinghmuh lies exactly half way between the city of Falam and Hakha. It is 22 miles away from both cities. At the foot of this great mountain, there is a village called Ramthlo where many hikers used as base.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Legend has it that a man named Ram To and his wife first settled in the region circa. AD 1500. Ram To and his wife had migrated to the region from Burma, started building families and community in a place called Faifa. One day, a major landslide killed the whole community except Za Sum and his sister. They were devastated by the loss of their parent and the whole community. When they woke up the next morning, the first thing they see was the beautiful mountain of Zinghmuh which gave them hope and inspiration to live on. When they wake up in the morning, the first thing they see was this mountain. Thus, the mountain is named Zing Hmuh. Zing in a local dialect means MORNING and Hmuh means SEE. It can be translated as the mountain that can be seen every morning.</p><br>
<h2>Ancient Cult and Rituals</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Zinghmuh was once the Chin people&#39;s favourite place for cults and worshipping gods/ spirits. It was also a highway for the souls of the dead people on their way to the dead village, locally known as Mithi Khua. Before Christianity came to Chin Hills, the Chin people believed that the souls of the dead went to a place called the city of dead i.e. Mithi Khua. It was believed that the souls of the dead had to pass along the imaginary street of Zinghmun mountain range. It was an imaginary street for living people because mortal people could not see it.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Zinghmuh also served as the abodes of the gods known as Zinghmuh, Lur, Hmar and Mehrol. Rituals was practiced to secure good cultivations, rain etc.… Rituals include the offering of 1 Mithun every three years and 1 Pig every year.</p><br>
<h2>Dar Luan and Lal Ruang Folklore</h2><br>
<p>The folklore related with this sacred mountain being a highway for the souls of the dead on their way to Mikhi Khua is known as Dar Luan and Lal Ruang. This folklore is being passed from generation to generation. There was once a powerful village chief near Mt. Zinghmuh. He had a beautiful teenage daughter called Dar Luan. His wife was pregnant at that time and he hope that a son would be born to him to inherit his wealth and status. One day, his beloved daughter suddenly fell ill and died. He was stricken with grief so much so that he could not even eat. He knew that her soul would pass along the ridge of the Mt. Zinghmuh after ten days of her actual death. It was the belief of Chin people that the soul of a dead person stays on earth for ten days and then after that goes to Mithi Khua.</p><br>
<p>On the night of the 10th day, he went to Mt. Zinghmuh and hid himself in a place where he considered to be the most likely places traversed by Dead Soul’s Highway. He also placed some ashes on the path so that he could see the foot print of her daughter. Some hours after nightfall, he heard the sound of khingte “”i.e. the string of tiny ornamental brass bells worn by Chin girls around their hips””, coming toward him from one direction. He quickly recognized that it was the ringing of his daughter’s khingte as he always heard them when she used to walk briskly when she was alive. The sounds came nearer and nearer to him but he couldn’t see his daughter, nor could he see anything. When the sound reached the spot on the pass where he had spread a layer of ash, he saw a footprint which he quickly recognized as the footmarks of his daughter. Just before the ringing of khingte disappeared, he sprang from his hiding place and gripped the empty air. But instead of catching his haughtier he found that he had caught a huge and fearsome caterpillar, the size of a human. Being in his arms, and the big caterpillar was struggling to free itself from his grip. But knowing that it was his daughter he refused to let go his grip, but held it still firmer. A moment later, the caterpillar turned itself into a huge serpent. Though, the serpent tried to free itself from his grip while at the same time trying to strangle him the man continued to tighten his grip. At last, realizing that there was no use in continuing the struggle, the serpent turned itself into his daughter Dar Luan.</p><br>
<p>“My dearest Dar Luan, I have caught you. You must come back to me” said the man.</p><br>
<p>“Daddy, that is impossible. You know that I have died. And the only thing left for me is to go to Mithi Khua” Dar Luan replied.</p><br>
<p>"My dearest daughter, either you must come back to me and your mother, or I will die here myself and follow you to Mithi Khua” replied the man.</p><br>
<p>“Daddy, I will tell you what we must do. Since, I have died it is absolutely impossible for me to return to you and my mother. But I will tell you of one thing that will make you very happy. In a few days my mother will give birth to a son whom you shall name Lal Ruang. This Lal Ruang will grow up to be a great warrior, a great hunter, and a great ruler, and his fame will spread to all the corners of Chinland. His worth to you will be greater than thirty big villages. Rejoice that you will be the father of such a great son. As for me, I must go on and proceed to Mithi Khua. Since living persons and dead persons cannot live together again, there is nothing that we can do, but part company” said Dar Luan.</p><br>
<p>“My beloved daughter, I would rather have you back than all the riches on earth. But since you say that it is impossible, so be it” said the man.</p><br>
<p>He then reluctantly released his grip. His daughter vanished before his eyes. He could now see her footmarks going away from him while at the same time hearing the ringing of her khingte. Her footprints went further and further away until he could see them no more. The ringing of her khingte also went farther and further away until he could hear them no more. Broken hearted, the man returned home. On the very night he reached his house, his wife gave birth to a son. Following the last instructions of their departed, they named him Lal Ruang. Lal Ruang became a great ruler.</p><br>
<h2>White Cross</h2><br>
<p>Now, the religion of Chin State is predominately Christian and a Cross became an important symbol for the region. A white cross now stands at its peak and local Chin Christians hold prayer services annually on and near the mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Survey</h3><br>
<p>The elevation of 8,814 ft (2686m) was first determined by the British surveyors after the colonization of Chin Hills in 1890. During the survey, mules were used to transport supplies and materials to mark the elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Route Description</h2><br>
<h3>Ascending</h3><br>
<p>It can be ascended directly from Ramthlo village to the peak of the Mt. Zinghmuh. There is only one path leading to its peak which is clearly visible. The path is mainly used by hunters and locals to find woods, flowers and forest products. A steady climb until the ridge of the Mr.Zinghmuh. Just before hitting the ridge, there is a short section of cliff which is quite difficult to overcome as the cliff can be slippery. From the ridge, Hualngo Hills, Zahau Hills, Hakha District and nearby villages such as Ramthlo, Tlangzar, Dokthek can be seen. The wind can be so strong at the ridge which is 8000 ft above sea level. After the ridge, the peak of Zinghmuh with a white Cross can be seen. Along with the cross, a path is clearly visible from a distance. The distance is approximately 1.5miles from Ramthlo village to its peak. With a decent pace, it could take 2–3 hours.</p><br>
<h3>Descending</h3><br>
<p>Some people returned to the village following the ascended route. Many people continued to walk past the peak towards Laiva Dam and come to the village of Tlangzar. The distance is approximately 4–5 miles.</p><br>
<h2>Memorials Stones</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Zinghmuh is one of the best places in the northern Chin State to see landscapes and plant species. It was a chance to enjoy the most memorable 360-degree views of Chin Hills. Many people regard the visiting the Mt. Zinghmuh as once in a lifetime opportunity, thus they want to mark their footprint on the hills. There are many small memorial stones across the mountain ranges.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Zinghmuh mountain is relative rich in flora and fauna. The mountain is home to a beautiful Rhododendron, locally known as Chokhlei and known by the Burmese as Taungzalat. The species found on Zinghmuh mountain is known as R.Forrestii. The white rhododendron can also be found near the peak. A light blue colour shape like a ball, locally known as Bingbi flower, flooded the hills around April and May time. There are also many type of orchids in the mountain which the local sell it to Burma. The most famous plant on the mountain is Bergenia ligulata, known by the Burmese as Natsay Gamone (နတ္ေဆးဂမုန္း). Trading this Bergenia ligulata has been the main source of income for many locals.</p><br>
<h2>Sanctuary Plan</h2><br>
<p>The plan for sanctuary on Zinghmuh mountain areas is yet to be implemented by the Myanmar central government. Proposal had been made, however, the plan was objected by nearby villages. As it stands, the plan for sanctuary is yet to be resolved.</p><br>
<h2>Record</h2><br>
<p>The first person to ascend to the peak of Mt.Zinghmuh with a Dream Honda 125 motor bike is Salai Bawi Bawi Vanbawilian from Falam. He ascended with his 125CC motorbike on 20 October 2013.</p><br>
<p>Fjelbergøya is an island in Kvinnherad municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The 4.9 km&sup2; island lies on the south side of the Hardangerfjorden, between the islands of Borgundøya  and Halsnøya . These three neighboring islands are located very close together, only a few hundred meters separate them at certain points. Historically, this island was the centre of the old municipality of Fjelberg. Today, the islands of Fjelbergøya and Borgundøya are still often referred to as Fjelberg.</p><br>
<p>The island is only accessible by the sea, either using ferries or personal boats. There are regular ferry routes from Leirvik-Borgundøya-Fjelbergøya-Halsnøy-Utbjoa, connecting several islands to the mainland in Vindafjord at Utbjoa.</p><br>
<p>Today, the island has about 16 full-time inhabitants (in 2015), but more than 100 seasonal inhabitants who stay there for longer periods during the summer. Most of the homes are in a small village area on the south side of the island near where Fjelberg Church is located.</p><br>
<p>National Australia Bank is a heritage-listed bank at 308 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1881 to 1924 by Southall & Tracey. It is also known as Queensland National Bank. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This large masonry building was constructed 1881-1885 as the new Head Office for the successful and influential Queensland National Bank.</p><br>
<p>The burgeoning gold mining industry of the early 1870s created a mood of optimism and a desire for increased development capital, free from inter-colonial and overseas control. Seizing on this mood, eight prominent local businessmen and politicians formed the Queensland National Bank (QN Bank) in March 1872. Immediate widespread support of the bank exceeded expectations and the continuing patronage of powerful political figures ensured its prominence. When Thomas McIlwraith, a Queensland National Bank director, became Premier in 1879, he swiftly transferred the Queensland Government accounts to the Bank.</p><br>
<p>In December 1872, the Queensland National Bank, which was leasing Warrys Store in Queen Street, purchased the North Brisbane School of Arts land and building at the corner of Queen and Creek Streets for the sum of £8000, as the site for the banks new Head Office. The banks lease on Warrys building was not to run out until June 1879 and in the meantime, the School of Arts Committee leased back its original building from the bank.</p><br>
<p>Choosing an appropriate design for the new building proved to be a long and complicated process. Francis Drummond Greville Stanley, the Queensland Colonial Architect, informed the QN Bank in 1877 that he intended to go into private practice, and the Bank&#39;s Board of Directors asked him to design the new head office. However, Stanley did not resign at that time, and the Bank engaged Reed and Barnes of Melbourne to design the building. In August 1878 a plan was adopted with some alterations. More than eight months later, however, Reed and Barnes were requested to sell the plans so Stanley could carry out the design on a reduced scale. With a cheque for 100 guineas for their services, Reed and Barnes reluctantly took their plans back rather than sell them. In the same month, Stanley presented his plans to the bank with a cost estimate of £26,000. Tenders were called for the erection of the building in February 1881 and Messrs Southall and Tracey were successful with a cost of £33,997.</p><br>
<p>Clerk of Works for the project was John Daniel Heal, publican, building contractor, stonemason and ex-Mayor of Brisbane (1879). Foreman of works for Southall and Tracey was longtime employee William Relf. The foundation stone was laid in July 1881 but delays for want of building materials, particularly the New Zealand stone, extended the construction period by almost 18 months. It was completed by August 1885.</p><br>
<p>Queensland sandstone, mainly from the Murphy Creek quarries, (specifically selected by Alexander Innes, stonemason and late foreman of the quarries) was used in the construction of the building. New Zealand Oamaru limestone was imported for the Corinthian columns of the Queen and Creek Streets frontages. The mantle pieces and the marble for the entrance hall were purchased by Lt-Colonel Edward Robert Drury, the Banks General Manager, while he was in the United Kingdom during 1883-84. The upper floors provided a lavish suite for the Manager, while the lower floors accommodated banking chambers and offices. Drury also selected much of the furniture still extant on the banks upper floors. A passenger lift was installed in the 1890s and electricity replaced gas for the building lighting around the same time.</p><br>
<p>Manuel Hornibrook, Master Builder, was contracted for the carrying out of extensive additions and the remodelling of the banking chamber during the early months of 1924. Honour boards were installed in the bank after World War I and World War II, to commemorate employees who served in the wars.</p><br>
<p>Despite the 1890s economic depression and a major political scandal late in the same decade, the QN Bank prospered, retaining the Queensland Government accounts until 1920. Competition with nationally-based banks saw a profit decline during the next two decades. The QN Bank merged with The National Bank of Australasia Limited in 1947 and its successor, the National Australia Bank, now owns the premises. In recognition of the Bank&#39;s decision not to redevelop the site during the 1970s, the National Trust of Queensland presented it with the John Herbert Award 1975-76. In 1981 considerable refurbishment and restoration of the building took place. Subsequently, only minor works have been carried out.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Queensland National Bank building is a three-storeyed brick structure with sandstone facings, built in the Classical Revival style which was common in bank architecture of the period. The building has a distinct Palladian influence with careful classical detailing and giant order columns. It is built on a corner, and the two facades are dominated by bays of Corinthian columns which rise through the upper two storeys. This portion of the Queen Street facade protrudes in the form of a porch while the similar colonnade on Creek Street is recessed. The ground floor level has a plinth with arched openings set between groups of pilasters. Recessed behind the balconies of the upper-level central bays are more openings. Local sandstone was mainly used as the wall facing material and the pilasters, and locally grown cedar for the main entry doors, while the giant order Corinthian columns are imported Oamaru limestone. These columns rise from the first floor balcony. The pediment which originally surmounted the Queen Street facade was replaced by a brick and concrete oblong in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The building has a high degree of integrity externally and internally including original furnishings. It has many grand spaces including the Banking Chamber with its glazed roof and supporting columns, the Formal Dining Room, and the Board Room. The lift with its surrounding stair is a major feature of the building. First and Second World War Honour Boards are located to either side of the entry and face into the main banking chamber (see First World War Honour Board, National Australia Bank (308 Queen Street)).</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>National Australia Bank was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Queensland National Bank head office is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being a major symbol of the economic growth in Queensland of the 1880s and a reflection of the close relationship between the Queensland National Bank and the Queensland Government at that time.</p><br>
<p>The Honour Board is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history, being a reflection of a sentiment that saw its expression in the public chronicling of the names of all servicemen.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The former Queensland National Bank head office demonstrates a rare aspect of Queensland&#39;s history, being a substantial and important 1880s commercial building in the Brisbane central business district which has retained a high degree of external and internal intactness, including much of the original furniture and fixture.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Queensland National Bank head office is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a substantial commercial building in the Classical Revival style, distinguished by the quality of its detailing and materials.</p><br>
<p>The Honour Board is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a commemorative memorial erected by an employer in honour of employees who saw active service during the First World War and of the elaborate memorial metalwork carried out by Sydney firm Wunderlich Ltd.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The former Queensland National Bank head office is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular its streetscape value on a prominent corner in Brisbane&#39;s central business district and its expression of the elan and the solidity which the Queensland National Bank attempted to project in the early 1880s and its high degree of external and internal intactness.</p><br>
<p>The Honour Board exhibits in the elaborate art metalwork an aesthetic quality valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Queensland National Bank head office has a special association with the life and work of prominent Queensland architect, FDG Stanley, being one of the finest works attributed to him and with the Queensland National Bank&#39;s first General Manager, Lt-Colonel ER Drury, being evidence of his power and influence both in the bank and in Queensland in the last quarter of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Gimpel is a peak in the Tannheim Mountains, a sub-range of the Allgäu Alps. It is high.</p><br>
<p>The name is derived from the Gimpelalpe alp in der "hollow" (Mulde) (Celtic comba=English "coombe"). The Gimpel is made of Wetterstein limestone.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The arête of the Judenscharte links the Gimpel with the Rote Flüh; the Schäfer, also called the "Little Gimpel" (kleiner Gimpel) with the Kellenspitze.</p><br>
<h2>Alpinism</h2><br>
<p>There are several climbing tours on the Gimpel, ranging from alpine, classic routes like the West Arête (first climbed by J. Bachschmid and E. Christa in 1896, UIAA grade III+) to the top-sport climb of Primavera (first ascended by Baldo Pazzaglia in 1992, UIAA grade IX−).</p><br>
<p>Even the normal route up the South Face and the East Arête is only possible by negotiating grade II sections.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 Toni Freudig discovered a cave system in the South Face (the Gimpel Labyrinth).</p><br>
<p>In 1999 the Gimpel was one of the first mountains in the Allgäu, whose most popular routes were fitted with climbing bolts after a three people in a roped team from Oy/Mittelberg were killed on the neighbouring Rote Flüh when the rope broke causing the team to fall.</p><br>
<h2>Huts</h2><br>
<p>Tannheimer Hut (DAV) from Nesselwängle</p><br>
<p>Gimpelhaus (private) from Nesselwängle</p><br>
<p>Otto Mayr Hut (DAV) or Füssener Hut (private) from Musau</p><br>
<p>Schneetalalm (municipality of Weißenbach) from Höfen</p><br>
<p>Gimpelalm (municipality of Nesselwängle) – mountain rescue base</p><br>
<p>Hertford Historic District is a national historic district located at Hertford, Perquimans County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 219 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 1 contributing structure, and 1 contributing object in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Hertford. The district developed between about 1759 and 1948, and includes notable examples of Federal, Greek Revival, and Gothic Revival style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Perquimans County Courthouse and Church of the Holy Trinity. Other notable buildings include the Creecy-Skinner-Whedbee House , Edward Wood House , Matthews-Jacocks House , Temperance Hall , Matthew H. White House , Dr. Thomas S. McMullan House , Thomas Nixon House , William M. Divers House , W.R. Shannonhouse Building , Darden Department Store , Farmers National Bank of Hertford , State Theatre , Old Hertford Post Office , Hertford Baptist Church , and Hertford United Methodist Church .</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Old Neck Historic District is a national historic district located at Belvidere, near Hertford, Perquimans County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 44 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, 12 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in a rural agricultural area near Hertford. The district developed between about 1813 and 1946, and includes notable examples of Federal and Greek Revival, and Colonial Revival style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Fletcher-Skinner-Nixon Plantation and Cove Grove Plantation. Other notable buildings include the Francis Nixon Plantation, William Jones Plantation, Thomas Nixon Plantation, Winslow Farm, John Newbold Farm, and Matthew Towe Farm.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Foxwarren Park, at Wisley in Surrey, is a Victorian country house. It was designed in 1860 by the railway architect Frederick Barnes, in conjunction with his client, the brewer and member of Parliament, Charles Buxton. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>From 1919 to 1955, it was owned by Alfred Ezra who was President of the Avicultural Society and assembled an outstanding collection of rare birds and animals on the estate. It was then acquired by Hannah Weinstein who used it as the location for films and TV series including The Adventures of Robin Hood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Buxton, brewer, philanthropist and politician, was also an amateur architect. Having rented a range of properties around Weybridge in the 1850s, he purchased the site for Foxwarren Park in 1855. He was heavily involved in the design of the new house, working with Frederick Barnes, known more for his designs for railway stations, particularly in Norfolk. The style is described as "harsh Victorian Gothic".</p><br>
<p>The house was the inspiration for E. H. Shepards illustrations of Toad Hall in Kenneth Grahames book, The Wind in the Willows.</p><br>
<p>The house was acquired by Alfred Ezra in 1919, who owned it until his death in 1955. He was an enthusiastic breeder of birds and created a large private collection of rare birds and animals on the estate. From 1920 to 1940, this was probably the finest private zoo in the world. For example, it contained a pair of pink-headed ducks which were the last of their kind.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the Foxwarren estate was the site of research facilities run by the engineering firm Vickers and saw work on the development of Barnes Wallis&#39;s bouncing bomb.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, the house and estate was owned by Hannah Weinstein&#39;s Sapphire Films which built a castle in the deer park and used it as the location for the successful TV series, The Adventures of Robin Hood starring Richard Greene. The similar show, The Adventures of Sir Lancelot, also used it as a location. Weinstein used writers who had been blacklisted in the US as communists and this exile community included Christina Stead, who had a cottage in the grounds.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the house was used as the main location for the horror movie, The Comeback.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is built of red brick, in a polychromatic design, with terracotta dressings and blue diapering. The house is Grade II* listed.</p><br>
<p>The architectural critic Ian Nairn described the Model Farm attached to Foxwarren Park as "a true Struwelpeter mid-Victorian nightmare". It has a separate Grade II* listing.</p><br>
<p>The houses architecture is referenced in Henry James novel, The Spoils of Poynton:</p><br>
<p>Aluakpak, also known as Coal Mine #3, is a historic Native Alaskan coal mine site in the North Slope Borough of Arctic Alaska. It is located on the east bank of the Kuk River, 15 mi upriver from Wainwright. The site includes a major outcropping of coal deposits, a camp site that has seen use since the 19th century by Natives mining coal, and a nearby reindeer herding camp site also associated with the coal deposits. Coal became an important source of fuel to the native population after the introduction of iron stoves, and this site was historically significant as it was midway between the coast and inland hunting areas. Although most residences in Wainright are now heated with oil, its residents still use this site to supplement that usage.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Meteu L Klechem is a historic stone monolith in Melekeok, a community on the island of Babeldaob, the largest island in the nation of Palau. It is a roughly octagonal stone, 7 ft long and 2 ft thick, and weighing about 3,000 lb. When recorded in 1976, it was used as a bridge across a local stream. The monolith is historically significant for its association with Metau, a warrior of the late 18th century. In 1785 Metau was ambushed and killed on Koror Island in revenge for attacks he had made on Yapese boats headed there. His body was held as a ransom, and was laid on this stone. Metaus brother Reklai paid the ransom , and in 1795 the stone and body were transported to Melekeok for burial. The stone sat at the main pier at Beriber until 1948, when it was moved to its present location.</p><br>
<p>The site where the monolith is located was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1976, a time when Palau was part of the US-administered Trust Territories of the Pacific.</p><br>
<p>The Rote Flüh is a peak in the Tannheim Mountains, a sub-range of the Allgäu Alps. It is 2,108 metres high. The Rote Flüh is built from Wetterstein limestone. It gets its name  from the layers of embedded particles of red limestone rock that appear reddish as the sun goes down.</p><br>
<h2>Location and surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>The arête of Judenscharte links the Rote Flüh with the Gimpel to the north. The optically unimpressive ridge of the east arête bears its own name, the Hochwieseler, on account of the number of climbing routes on its south face. Along the almost two-kilometre-long West Arête, from which the Schartschrofen rises, runs the Friedberger Klettersteig to the col of Füssener Jöchl which is served by a cable car.</p><br>
<p>The prominence of the Roten Flüh is at least 108 metres Its isolation is 300 metres, the Gimpel being the reference summit.</p><br>
<h2>Alpinism</h2><br>
<p>There are several climbing tours of the Rote Flüh ranging from alpine routes on the (short) north face to sports climbing at grade nine on the south face.</p><br>
<p>The normal route is classed as relatively straightforward and therefore very frequently used. From the Gimpelhaus or the Tannheimer Hut the path runs through a cirque on the eastern side of the summit block, which is partially secured by cables. In good weather queues often form at this bottleneck. Due to its location in the "front row" of the Alps,the Rote Flüh has outstanding views both of the flat Alpine Foreland as well as the lake of Haldensee, just under 1,000 metres below in the valley of Tannheimer Tal.</p><br>
<p>The east arête, a ridge called the Hochwiesler, on whose south face there are also several climbing routes. From it there is a 30-metre abseiling point to the north and a 100-metre abseiling piste to the south, whose first half has a 45-metre free hanging drop.</p><br>
<p>In sunny weather the mountain can be climbed to within about 2-3 rope lengths of the summit on the often snow-free south face.</p><br>
<p>After an anchor broke causing a roped team to fall with the loss of three lives, all frequently used south face routes were equipped with climbing bolts. The easiest one is the normal south face route (IV). Two abseil pistes (100 metres) run back to the foot of the south face.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Toni Freudig: Klettern auf der Tannheimer Sonnenseite. 1999,</p><br>
<p>Achim Pasold: Kletterführer alpin – Allgäu incl. Tannheimer Berge. 6th revised edition, Panico-Verlag, Köngen, 2010,</p><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert: Rother Wanderführer – Tannheimer Tal. 7. Auflage 2009, Bergverlag Rother, Munich,</p><br>
<p>The Schartschrofen is a rocky summit, high, in the Tannheim Mountains, a sub-group of the Allgäu Alps. It lies northwest of the Rote Flüh and south of the col of Füssener Jöchl.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>There are two waymarked paths up the Schartschrofen. The normal route runs from the valley of Tannheimer Tal via the col of Füssener Jöchl – to this point the cable car may be taken from Grän – continuing to the Hallgernjoch col and from there to the top. Along the 150-metre-high southeastern arête runs the Friedberger Klettersteig, protected throughout its length, initially leading along the ridge and then after a detour into the south flank finally climbing a gully to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert: Allgäuer Alpen Alpin Alpine Club Guide. Munich, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, 2004.</p><br>
<p>Eugen E. Hüsler: Klettersteigatlas Alpen. Munich, Bruckmann Verlag, 6th edition, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Slate House is an architecturally distinctive house at 123 Church Street in Brownville, Maine. Built c. 1860, it is the only known house to have foundations and wall exteriors fashioned entirely out of slate. It was built by the Brownville and Piscataquis Slate Company, a local quarrying operation, for its superintendent, and is believed to be unique within New England for the use of material and level of Italianate styling it presents. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Slate House is set on a 25 acre parcel north of the central village of Brownville. It is a two-story structure, roughly square in shape, with a low-pitch hip roof with bracketed eaves. A shed joins the main house to a carriage house at the southeast corner. A wooden trim water table separates the foundation from the first floor, and the front corners of the building have wide wooden pilasters. The west-facing front has three symmetrically-arranged bays, with paired sash windows flanking the centered entrance on the first floor, and single sash windows flanking a round-arch window above the entrance. The house has a wooden frame, which rests on a foundation composed of stacked pieces of slate. The main entrance is accessed by steps fashioned from larger pieces of slate. The front and side facades are covered with scalloped slate shingles. The attached shed and carriage house are also wood-frame structures, but are finished in board-and-batten siding. The interior of the house has retained much of its original finish.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the house was traditionally dated to about 1848, but architectural evidence and the history of the slate quarry suggest a construction date in the early 1860s. Originally called the Crocker Quarry, operations began at Brownvilles quarry in 1843 or 1844. Samuel Crocker, the Boston businessman who owned, formed the Brownville and Piscataquis Slate Company in 1855, which reported production 7,000 squares of slate roofing in 1860. The first occupant of this house is believed to be William Sparrow, who served as the quarrys superintendent in the early 1860s. Documentary evidence suggests the house was built by the quarry company as a means to demonstrate varied uses of its material. The house remained part of the quarry property until 1924, when it was sold into private hands; the quarry itself was permanently closed in 1910.</p><br>
<p>Houses built of slate are only known regionally to have been built near slate quarries in Vermont, where all known instances lack the styling of this one. The material was not without problems as a wall finish—the cost to heat the house prior to the addition of insulation to its walls was a high 35 cords of wood.</p><br>
